Discontinuation of HIIT restores diabesity while retraining increases gut microbiota diversity.

Investigations involving high-intensity interval training (HIIT) have proven to be efficient in controlling diabesity. This study aimed to assess the impact of discontinuing HIIT and retraining within the context of diabesity. 75 C57BL6 mice went through 5 stages: baseline, induction of diabesity with Western diet, training, detraining, and retraining (6 weeks each period).

Effects of physical exercise on Akkermansia muciniphila: a systematic review of human and animal studies.

This systematic review aimed to compile various research designs, including experimental, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and case studies in humans and experimental studies in rodents, to examine changes in Akkermansia muciniphila abundance in response to exercise. This comprehensive approach can improve our understanding of A. muciniphila response to physical exercise and highlight gaps in the literature, providing valuable insights for future microbiome research.

Endurance exercise associated with a fructooligosaccharide diet modulates gut microbiota and increases colon absorptive area.

Background And Aim: Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation can stimulate beneficial intestinal bacteria growth, but little is known about its influence on training performance. Therefore, this study analyzed FOS and exercise effects on gut microbiota and intestinal morphology of C57Bl/6 mice.

Methods: Forty male mice were divided into four groups: standard diet-sedentary (SDS), standard diet-exercised (SDE), FOS supplemented (7.

Involvement of Matrix Metalloproteinases in COVID-19: Molecular Targets, Mechanisms, and Insights for Therapeutic Interventions.

MMPs are enzymes involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Notably, the proteolytic activation of MMPs can occur through angiotensin II, immune cells, cytokines, and pro-oxidant agents. However, comprehensive information regarding the impact of MMPs in the different physiological systems with disease progression is not fully understood.

The molecular signaling of exercise and obesity in the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Obesity is one of the major pandemics of the 21st century. Due to its multifactorial etiology, its treatment requires several actions, including dietary intervention and physical exercise. Excessive fat accumulation leads to several health problems involving alteration in the gut-microbiota-brain axis.

The Emerging Role of the Aging Process and Exercise Training on the Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Telomere Length.

Aging is a natural process of organism deterioration, which possibly impairs multiple physiological functions. These harmful effects are linked to an accumulation of somatic mutations, oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, protein damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction. It is known that these factors are capable of inducing telomere shortening, as well as intestinal dysbiosis.

Why Physical Activity Should Be Considered in Clinical Trials for COVID-19 Vaccines: A Focus on Risk Groups.

Since the World Health Organization declared the global COVID-19 state of emergency in early 2020, several vaccine candidates have emerged to control SARS-CoV-2, and some of them have been approved and implemented in vaccination campaigns worldwide. Although clinical trials for these vaccines have been carried out using highly controlled methods with accurate immunological tests, clinical questionnaires did not include questions concerning the physical activity profile among volunteers. It has been well established that physical activity plays a pivotal role in the immune response after vaccination, led by the activation of cytokines, antibodies, and cells.

Is There an Exercise-Intensity Threshold Capable of Avoiding the Leaky Gut?

Endurance-sport athletes have a high incidence of gastrointestinal disorders, compromising performance and impacting overall health status. An increase in several proinflammatory cytokines and proteins (LPS, I-FABP, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, C-reactive protein) has been observed in ultramarathoners and triathlon athletes. One of the most common effects of this type of physical activity is the increase in intestinal permeability, known as leaky gut.

An overview of the level of dietary support in the gut microbiota at different stages of life: A systematic review.

Background & Aims: The gut microbiome is an essential factor for the health of the host. Several factors may alter the gut's microbiota composition, including genetic factors, lifestyle, aging, and dietary intervention. This process can be an essential element in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with microbiome dysfunction through appropriate dietary interventions.

Omics and the molecular exercise physiology.

Exercise is a well-known non-pharmacologic agent used to prevent and treat a wide range of pathologic conditions such as metabolic and cardiovascular disease. In this sense, the classic field of exercise physiology has determined the main theoretical and practical bases of physiologic adaptations in response to exercise. However, the last decades were marked by significant advances in analytical laboratory techniques, where the field of biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology promoted exercise science to enter a new era.

Proteomic changes in skeletal muscle of aged rats in response to resistance training.

Sarcopenia is a multifactorial process defined by loss of strength and skeletal muscle mass, which leads to a reduction in muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Although resistance training (RT) has been indicated as a tool to counteract sarcopenia, the protein profile associated with skeletal muscle adaptations remains to be determined. We investigated the effects of 12 weeks of RT on the skeletal muscle proteome profile and CSA of young and older rats.

Effects of blood flow restriction exercise on hemostasis: a systematic review of randomized and non-randomized trials.

Background: Blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise has shown to induce a positive influence on bone metabolism and attenuate muscle strength loss and atrophy in subjects suffering from musculoskeletal weakness. Despite the known benefits of BFR exercise, it remains unclear whether or not the pressurization of blood vessels damages the endothelial cells or increases risk for formation of thrombi. Thus, the effects of BFR exercise on coagulation, fibrinolysis, or hemostasis, remains speculative.

Limited Effects of Low-to-Moderate Aerobic Exercise on the Gut Microbiota of Mice Subjected to a High-Fat Diet.

Several studies have indicated that diet and exercise may modulate the gut microbiota in obese subjects. Both interventions were shown to alter the microbiota orthogonally. However, this relationship has not been fully explored.

Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Rats Serum Extracellular Vesicles Diameter, Concentration and Small RNAs Content.

Physical exercise stimulates organs, mainly the skeletal muscle, to release a broad range of molecules, recently dubbed exerkines. Among them, RNAs, such as miRNAs, piRNAs, and tRNAs loaded in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have the potential to play a significant role in the way muscle and other organs communicate to translate exercise into health. Low, moderate and high intensity treadmill protocols were applied to rat groups, aiming to investigate the impact of exercise on serum EVs and their associated small RNA molecules.

Beneficial effects of resistance training on the protein profile of the calcaneal tendon during aging.

The calcaneal tendon (CT) is the most commonly injured tendon in the human body. Moreover, with advancing age, the amount of damage increases further. Resistance training (RT) could be used to minimize such damages.

Metaproteomics as a Complementary Approach to Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease.

Classic studies on phylotype profiling are limited to the identification of microbial constituents, where information is lacking about the molecular interaction of these bacterial communities with the host genome and the possible outcomes in host biology. A range of OMICs approaches have provided great progress linking the microbiota to health and disease. However, the investigation of this context through proteomic mass spectrometry-based tools is still being improved.

The Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Proteome.

Skeletal muscle plasticity and its adaptation to exercise is a topic that is widely discussed and investigated due to its primary role in the field of exercise performance and health promotion. Repetitive muscle contraction through exercise stimuli leads to improved cardiovascular output and the regulation of endothelial dysfunction and metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and obesity. Considerable improvements in proteomic tools and data analysis have broth some new perspectives in the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle adaptation in response to physical activity.

The microbiota: an exercise immunology perspective.

The gut microbiota consists of a cluster of microorganisms that produces several signaling molecules of a hormonal nature which are released into the blood stream and act at distal sites. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that microbiota may be modulated by several environmental conditions, including different exercise stimulus, as well some pathologies. Enriched bacterial diversity has also been associated with improved health status and alterations in immune system, making multiple connections between host and microbiota.

NanoUPLC/MS(E) proteomic analysis reveals modulation on left ventricle proteome from hypertensive rats after exercise training.

Unlabelled: NanoUPLC/MS(E) was used to verify the effects of 8weeks of low (SHR-LIT=4) and high (SHR-HIT=4) intensity training over the left ventricle proteome of hypertensive rats (SHR-C=4). Training enhanced the aerobic capacity and reduced the systolic blood pressure in all exercised rats. NanoUPLC/MS(E) identified 250 proteins, with 233 in common to all groups and 16 exclusive to SHR-C, 2 to SHR-LIT, and 2 to the SHR-HIT.

Application of cutting-edge proteomics technologies for elucidating host-bacteria interactions.

Advanced techniques and high-throughput protein analysis have led proteomics to substantive progress in the understanding of bacterial-host interactions. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics have been a central methodology in the discovery of new protein involved in the infectious process that leads to thousands of deaths every year. The discovery of novel protein targets, together with de novo drug design, improves the accuracy of early diagnosis, leading to improved new treatments.