[Validation of the modified algorithm for predicting host susceptibility to viruses taking into account susceptibility parameters of primary target cell cultures and natural immunity factors].

The paper presents results of testing a modified algorithm for predicting virus ID50 values in a host of interest by extrapolation from a model host taking into account immune neutralizing factors and thermal inactivation of the virus. The method was tested for A/Aichi/2/68 influenza virus in SPF Wistar rats, SPF CD-1 mice and conventional ICR mice. Each species was used as a host of interest while the other two served as model hosts.

[Quantitative assessment of in vitro neutralizing activity of secretory factors from rat lungs against influenza virus].

Secretory factors were isolated by lung wash followed by centrifugation to remove cells, dialysis of supernatant to remove NaCl salt, lyophilization of the lavage fluid and resuspention of the lyophilization product in an isotonic NaCl solution. It was shown that biological activity of influenza virus /Aichi/2/68 (3N2) significantly decreased (p = 0,01) from 8,17 +/- 0,10 to 7,14 +/- 0,20 IgEID50/ml during its incubation with secretory factors at 37 degrees C for 1 hr and to 7,92 +/- 0,17 IgEID50/ml in isotonic NaCl solution in the absence of these factors. Their concentration in the incubation medium was estimated to be 9.

[Comparative analysis of the susceptibility and productivity of respiratory tract target cells of mice and rats exposed to inflienza virus in vitro].

The levels of susceptibility to influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 H3N2 and the virus yield were determined using primary cells of the trachea and lungs of CD-1 mice and Wistar rats, and for 3 sets of cells obtained from primary lung cells of the both species by centrifugation in the gradient of density and by sedimentation on a surface. The values of ID50 virus dose for 10(6) cells and virus yield per 1 infected cell determined for primary mice cells were 4.0+/-0.

[A study of possibility to predict the sensitivity of different respiratory tract divisions to influenza].

To predict a potential value of a viral ID50 for a macro-organism of interest (e.g. humans), it is necessary to determine in vitro two parameters of the interaction of the virus with susceptible cells of the host, i.

[4647-cell culture for preparation of recombinant bivaccine against smallpox and hepatitis B].

The seeding and working banks of a 4647-cell culture have been created. The 4647-cell culture in these banks has a high proliferative activity, as well as the morphology, typical of this line, and the karyotype and the enzymogram, which are characteristic for the cells of an African talapoin (Cercopithecus aethiops). The culture is not contaminated with bacteria, fungi, Mycoplasma, and viruses, including oncoviruses.

[Target-cell susceptibility and lung phagocyte activity in mice with influenza virus resistance lowered by glucocorticoidal immunosuppression].

The results of the study showed that subcutaneous kenalog (Kn) lowered the resistance of mice to influenza virus (InV), as was seen by a decrease in 50% lethal dose and an increase in the degree of pulmonary tissue lesion, and the susceptibility of the lungs to InV, seen by the fact that 50% aerogenic infective dose (AID50) was significantly higher in the main group (Kn+InV) than in controls, which received Hanks solution subcutaneously (HS+InV). In vitro, 50% infective doses of InV for suspension of pulmonary and tracheal cells, characterizing their susceptibility to InV, were similar in Kn mice and controls. At the same time, lower resistance and higher degree of pulmonary inflammation noted in Kn mice after receiving a dose of InV that was much higher than an infecting one, was accompanied by the prevalence in the number as well as phagocyte and superoxide-producing activity of neutrophiles (Nph) over the same parameters for alveolar macrophages (AMph) as early as two days after receiving InV dose, vs.

[Preclinical studies of the anticancer adenovirus cancerolysin preparation].

The anticancer drug Cancerolysin has been developed, by using the mutant Adel2 variant of human adenovirus serotype 5 designed at the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology. Cancerolysin possesses a high degree of replication activity for complementary cells 293 and p53-deficient tumor cells and, at the same time, has significant replication limitations in normal human cells. Preclinical studies of the drug on laboratory animals (mice, rabbits, guinea pigs) have demonstrated its harmlessness and safety.

[The influence of glucocorticoid immunosuppression on the course of experimental influenza pneumonia].

The study demonstrates the effects of kenalog (Kn), a synthetic glucocorticoid hormone, on the course of virus A/Aichi/2/68 influenza in white mice. In doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, Kn reduced the weight of the adrenal glands, thymus and spleen, which was accompanied by decrease of the resistance to the mentioned virus, judging by LD50 decrease vs. this index in the control infected group.

[Clinical trials of oral recombinant bivaccine against variola and hepatitis B during double vaccination].

Clinical trials of oral live recombinant embryonic variola and hepatitis B bivaccine as tablets (Revax-BT) were performed. When volunteers were prevaccinated with oral variola vaccine first in a small dose and, 7, 14, 30, 90, and 180 days later, in a larger dose, a slight reactoginicity was sometimes observed after the first vaccination (with a small dose) whereas revaccination with a larger dose did not give rise to any clinical manifestations. A month after vaccination, a protective level of virus-neutralizing antibodies to vaccinia virus (VV) was observed in 90-100% of the volunteers twice immunized with the bivaccine (in a small dose and in a larger one at an administration intervals of 1-2 weeks under remote revaccination while 6-9 months following vaccination, this level was recorded in 80% of the volunteers.

[Antiviral activity of oral ultralow doses of antibodies to gamma-interferon: experimental study of influenza infection in mice].

Course intragastric administration of ultralow doses of human gamma-interferon antibodies (ULD anti-IFN-gamma) to intact mice resulted in an increase of endogenous IFN-gamma production by the animal lymphocytes. Oral prophylactic administration of ULD anti-IFN-gamma significantly lowered the influenza virus concentration in the animal lungs at the initial stage of the aerogenous infection: in 2 (p = 0.05) and 3 (p = 0.

[In vitro study of antiviral activity of Myramistin against subtypes H3N2 and H5N1 of influenza virus].

In vitro antiviral effect of myramistin on influenza virus (MDCK cell culture) was studied. The drug showed significant dose-dependent antiviral activity against the virus. When used prophylactically (1 hour before exposure to the virus) in subtoxic doses, myramistin was effective in inhibiting replication of the influenza virus [strains A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) and A/Chicken/Suzdalka/Nov-11/2005 (H5N1)].

Inactivation of viruses in bubbling processes utilized for personal bioaerosol monitoring.

A new personal bioaerosol sampler has recently been developed and evaluated for sampling of viable airborne bacteria and fungi under controlled laboratory conditions and in the field. The operational principle of the device is based on the passage of air through porous medium immersed in liquid. This process leads to the formation of bubbles within the filter as the carrier gas passes through and thus provides effective mechanisms for aerosol removal.

[Reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant bivaccine against smallpox and hepatitis B in limited clinical trials].

The reactogenicity of the embryonic live recombinant variola and hepatitis B bivaccine as tablets (Revax-BT) as well as its safety and immunogenicity were evaluated in clinical trials made in volunteers who had previously immunized or not with variola vaccine. A preliminary conclusion was made on a lack of side effects and drug safety in primary vaccination and been revaccination with low and high doses. Primary immunization of volunteers and as bivaccination with high doses stimulated the most pronounced immune response to the vaccine virus versus such effect observed in immunization of volunteers with low vaccine doses.

[Pulmonary cell susceptibility in mice and rats to influenza virus when infected in vivo and in vitro].

The purpose of the case study was to evaluate comparatively the relative contribution of cell susceptibility and the inhibiting effect of factors of pulmonary epithelial lining in mice and rats to influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) adapted to mice as related with the development of infection process in the lungs of experimental animals when infected in vivo and in vitro. Mice and rats were infected aerogenically with different doses of influenza virus. The primary cell-culture suspensions sampled from the lungs of mice and rats were used to study the adsorption and dynamics of influenza virus production in infection by different dose of influenza virus in vitro.

[A new setup for the generation and studies of mono-disperse microbiological aerosols in medical-and-biological research].

A setup for the generation and studies of mono-disperse microbiological aerosols is described in the paper. Coefficients of 3 microm aerosol deposition in the respiratory tract of mice and rats were refined by using the above setup. The probability of deposition of such particles in the trachea and lungs of mice was proven to be equal to 1.

[Possibilities of culturing mutant variants of Ade12 adenoviruses in 293 cell culture].

The results of polymerase chain reaction and of DNA sequencing of the Adel2 mutant variant of adenovirus serotype 5, passaged 10 times and capable of selectively infecting and lysing the p53-deficient human tumor cells, are indicative of a high stability of its genotype and of the phenotypic properties acquired by it in successive passage on 293 cells. The absence of admixtures of wild-type adenovirus was clearly shown in the cultivation and passage processes. It was revealed in an experimental analysis of virus-productive properties of the studied continuous cell culture 293 by using the method of multilayer cultivation, that the maximal Adel2 yield is obtained at the 50% cytopathic effect.

[The simple method of direct estimation of infectious process in mice and rats aerogenically infected with influenza virus].

Multiplication of influenza virus in laboratory animals (mice and rats) after aerogenic inoculation was recorded directly (by the agent accumulation in the lungs and trachea) and indirectly (by interferon concentration in the lungs of mice). Thermal inactivation of influenza virus in chick embryo allantoic fluid was observed (by 4.5-6 Ig within 48 h at 37 degrees C).

[Prophylactic efficacy of aerosol preparations based on Abies siberica polyprenols in experimental influenza infection].

Preliminary investigations showed high preventive activity of two of three aerosol preparations of Abies sibirica polyprenols with nonionic surface active substances towards influenza infection. At least 2 aerosol administrations are needed to attain a high protective effect, the second dose depending on the first. Relationship between animal reaction to influenza virus infection changed in a nonmonotonous mode, depending on the drug dose injected during the first treatment: as the dose increased, the death rate first decreased and reached the minimum and then increased again.

[Mechanisms of mice resistance to influenza virus A/AICHI/2/68 after preventive injection with polyprenols ].

Preventive effect in influenza can be attained by intramuscular injections of fir (Abies) polyprenols. One of 5 tested polyprenol preparations (No. 1), injected 2 days before aerogenic infection with influenza virus, reliably protected mice from disease.

Effect of intramuscularly injected polyprenols on influenza virus infection in mice.

This study demonstrates the possibility of achieving a prophylactic effect by intramuscular injection of Abies sibirica polyprenols for the control of influenza virus infection in mice. One of the five polyprenol preparations tested, preparation N1, which had the lowest hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (8.6), produced a significant protective effect when injected in a dose of 2000 microg/mouse 2 days before aerosol infection of mice with influenza virus.

[Modification of mouse resistance to A/Aichi/2/68 influenza virus by a glucocorticoid immunosuppressant kenalog].

Changes in the virulence of influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 LD50 were studied in albino mice with immunosuppression induced by long-acting glucocorticoid kenalog (Kn). In high doses (5 and 10 micrograms/g) Kn induced a decrease in the adrenal, thymic, and splenic weight, which is typical of steroid immunosuppression. The susceptibility of mice preinjected with Kn to the virus increased more than ten-fold, judging by a decrease in LD50.

[Sensitivity of white mice to influenza virus (A/Aichi/2/68) in aerogenic infection].

Polydispersed aerosols from allantoic fluid of chick embryos induced with influenza virus with different median weight aerodynamic diameters of corpuscles (0.5, 0.8, 1.