Emotional dysregulation following prenatal stress is associated with altered prefrontal cortex responsiveness to an acute challenge in adolescence.

Exposure to prenatal stress (PNS) has the potential to elicit multiple neurobiological alterations and increase the susceptibility to psychiatric disorders. Moreover, gestational stress may sensitize the brain toward an altered response to subsequent challenges. Here, we investigated the effects of PNS in rats and assessed whether these animals exhibit an altered brain responsiveness to an acute stress (AS) during adolescence.

An advanced Artificial Intelligence platform for a personalised treatment of Eating Disorders.

Introduction: Eating Disorders (EDs) affect individuals globally and are associated with significant physical and mental health challenges. However, access to adequate treatment is often hindered by societal stigma, limited awareness, and resource constraints.

Methods: The project aims to utilize the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), to improve EDs diagnosis and treatment.

Spinal neuronal activity and neuroinflammatory component in a mouse model of CFA-induced vestibulodynia.

Vestibulodynia is a complex pain disorder characterized by chronic discomfort in the vulvar region, often accompanied by tactile allodynia and spontaneous pain. In patients a depressive behaviour is also observed. In this study, we have used a model of vestibulodynia induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) focusing our investigation on the spinal cord neurons and microglia.

A narrative review of digital biomarkers in the management of major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant forms.

Introduction: Depression is the leading cause of worldwide disability, until now only 3% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) experiences full recovery or remission. Different studies have tried to better understand MDD pathophysiology and its resistant forms (TRD), focusing on the identification of candidate biomarkers that would be able to reflect the patients' state and the effects of therapy. Development of digital technologies can generate useful digital biomarkers in a real-world setting.

Verifying the Magnitude Dependence in Earthquake Occurrence.

The existence of magnitude dependence in earthquake triggering has been reported. Such a correlation is linked to the issue of seismic predictability and it remains under intense debate whether it is physical or is caused by incomplete data due to the missing short-term aftershocks. Working firstly with a synthetic catalog generated by a numerical model that captures most statistical features of earthquakes and then with a high-resolution earthquake catalog for the Amatrice-Norcia (2016) sequence in Italy, where for the latter case we employ the stochastic declustering method to reconstruct the family tree among seismic events and limit our analysis to events above the magnitude of completeness, we found that the hypothesis of magnitude correlation can be rejected.

Reactivity of ethyl nitrosoacrylate toward pyrrole, indole and pyrrolo[3,2-]carbazole: an experimental and theoretical study.

Nitrosoalkenes react with 8-methyl-1,6-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-]carbazole to give both 2- and 3-alkylated products via hetero-Diels-Alder reaction followed by the cycloadduct ring-opening. Quantum chemical calculations, at DFT level of theory, were carried out to investigate the regioselectivity of the cycloaddition of ethyl nitrosoacrylate with 1,6-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-]carbazoles as well as with pyrrole and indole, allowing a more comprehensive analysis of the reactivity pattern of nitrosoalkenes with five-membered heterocycles. Furthermore, theoretical calculations confirmed that ethyl nitrosoacrylate reacts with these heterocycles via a LUMO-HOMO controlled cycloaddition.

Quality of life of critical care nurses and impact on anxiety, depression, stress, burnout and sleep quality: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To investigate how anxiety, depression, stress, burnout, and sleep quality impact on Quality of life of critical care nurses.

Background: Several studies reported that critical care nurses are exposed to a high risk of anxiety, depression, burnout, stress, and sleep quality, but we do not know the impact of critical care nurses.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Estimating generation time of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Italy from the daily incidence rate.

The identification of the transmission parameters of a virus is fundamental to identify the optimal public health strategy. These parameters can present significant changes over time caused by genetic mutations or viral recombination, making their continuous monitoring fundamental. Here we present a method, suitable for this task, which uses as unique information the daily number of reported cases.

ICARUS at the Fermilab Short-Baseline Neutrino program: initial operation.

The ICARUS collaboration employed the 760-ton T600 detector in a successful 3-year physics run at the underground LNGS laboratory, performing a sensitive search for LSND-like anomalous appearance in the CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso beam, which contributed to the constraints on the allowed neutrino oscillation parameters to a narrow region around 1 eV. After a significant overhaul at CERN, the T600 detector has been installed at Fermilab. In 2020 the cryogenic commissioning began with detector cool down, liquid argon filling and recirculation.

Outcomes of Ceramic-On-Ceramic Bearing Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Minimum 10-Year Follow-Up Study.

Background: Although the fourth generation of ceramics has demonstrated excellent clinical results 5 to 6 years postoperatively, concerns over ceramic fracture and squeaking persist and longer-term follow-up (minimum 10 years) studies are warranted. Our study aimed to evaluate the minimum 10-year clinical outcomes and bearing-specific complications of ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) total hip arthroplasties.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all patients who underwent primary delta CoC total hip arthroplasty in our institution between January 2004 and February 2013.

Predictors of Vaccine Uptake among Migrants in the United States: A Rapid Systematic Review.

Evaluating challenges to vaccine uptake in non-US-born individuals is necessary for increasing national vaccination rates. This rapid review was conducted to investigate predictors of vaccine utilization among US migrants. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist was utilized, along with the Rayyan webtool, to facilitate the process of identifying primary research articles.

The debate on the earthquake magnitude correlations: a meta-analysis.

Among the most important questions that await an answer in seismology, perhaps one is whether there is a correlation between the magnitudes of two successive seismic events. The answer to this question is considered of fundamental importance given the potential effect in forecasting models, such as Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence models. After a meta-analysis of 29 papers, we speculate that given the lack of studies carried out with realistic physical models and given the possible bias due to the lack of events recorded in the experimental seismic catalogs, important improvements are necessary on both fronts to be sure to provide a statistically relevant answer.

Selection of RNA aptamers targeting hypoxia in cancer.

Hypoxia plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and drug resistance, and it is recognised as a major factor affecting patient clinical outcome. Therefore, the detection of hypoxic areas within the tumour micro-environment represents a useful way to monitor tumour growth and patients' responses to treatments, properly guiding the choice of the most suitable therapy. To date, non-invasive hypoxia imaging probes have been identified, but their applicability is strongly limited due to an inadequate resistance to the low oxygen concentration and the acidic pH of the tumour micro-environment.

Scintillation light detection in the 6-m drift-length ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon TPC.

DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6   6   6 m liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019-2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light.

Estimating the generation interval from the incidence rate, the optimal quarantine duration and the efficiency of fast switching periodic protocols for COVID-19.

The transmissibility of an infectious disease is usually quantified in terms of the reproduction number [Formula: see text] representing, at a given time, the average number of secondary cases caused by an infected individual. Recent studies have enlightened the central role played by w(z), the distribution of generation times z, namely the time between successive infections in a transmission chain. In standard approaches this quantity is usually substituted by the distribution of serial intervals, which is obtained by contact tracing after measuring the time between onset of symptoms in successive cases.

Prospects for beyond the Standard Model physics searches at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment: DUNE Collaboration.

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a powerful tool for a variety of physics topics. The high-intensity proton beams provide a large neutrino flux, sampled by a near detector system consisting of a combination of capable precision detectors, and by the massive far detector system located deep underground. This configuration sets up DUNE as a machine for discovery, as it enables opportunities not only to perform precision neutrino measurements that may uncover deviations from the present three-flavor mixing paradigm, but also to discover new particles and unveil new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model (SM).

Odderon Exchange from Elastic Scattering Differences between pp and pp[over ¯] Data at 1.96 TeV and from pp Forward Scattering Measurements.

We describe an analysis comparing the pp[over ¯] elastic cross section as measured by the D0 Collaboration at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV to that in pp collisions as measured by the TOTEM Collaboration at 2.76, 7, 8, and 13 TeV using a model-independent approach.

Camera Color Correction for Cultural Heritage Preservation Based on Clustered Data.

Cultural heritage preservation is a crucial topic for our society. When dealing with fine art, color is a primary feature that encompasses much information related to the artwork's conservation status and to the pigments' composition. As an alternative to more sophisticated devices, the analysis and identification of color pigments may be addressed via a digital camera, i.

Densely Functionalized 2-Methylideneazetidines: Evaluation as Antibacterials.

Twenty-two novel, variously substituted nitroazetidines were designed as both sulfonamide and urethane vinylogs possibly endowed with antimicrobial activity. The compounds under study were obtained following a general procedure recently developed, starting from 4-nitropentadienoates deriving from a common β-nitrothiophenic precursor. While being devoid of any activity against fungi and Gram-negative bacteria, most of the title compounds performed as potent antibacterial agents on Gram-positive bacteria ( and three strains of ), with the most potent congener being the 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-nitro-4-(-tolyl)azetidine , which displayed potency close to that of norfloxacin, the reference antibiotic (minimum inhibitory concentration values 4 and 1-2 μg/mL, respectively).

Conservation of mechanisms regulating emotional-like responses on spontaneous nicotine withdrawal in zebrafish and mammals.

Background: Nicotine withdrawal syndrome is a major clinical problem. Animal models with sufficient predictive validity to support translation of pre-clinical findings to clinical research are lacking.

Aims: We evaluated the behavioural and neurochemical alterations in zebrafish induced by short- and long-term nicotine withdrawal.

Insights into the molecular determinants of thermal stability in halohydrin dehalogenase HheD2.

Halohydrin dehalogenases (HHDHs) are promising enzymes for application in biocatalysis due to their promiscuous epoxide ring-opening activity with various anionic nucleophiles. So far, seven different HHDH subtypes A to G have been reported with subtype D containing the by far largest number of enzymes. Moreover, several characterized members of subtype D have been reported to display outstanding characteristics such as high catalytic activity, broad substrate spectra or remarkable thermal stability.

The influence of the brittle-ductile transition zone on aftershock and foreshock occurrence.

Aftershock occurrence is characterized by scaling behaviors with quite universal exponents. At the same time, deviations from universality have been proposed as a tool to discriminate aftershocks from foreshocks. Here we show that the change in rheological behavior of the crust, from velocity weakening to velocity strengthening, represents a viable mechanism to explain statistical features of both aftershocks and foreshocks.