Exploring physician leadership perceptions: Insights from first- and final-year medical students.

Background: Leadership competence is increasingly recognized as a critical priority for all physicians, but new graduates often feel only partially prepared for leadership roles. However, integrating more leadership education into the already saturated medical curriculum poses challenges regarding timing and implementation. This study explores this issue by comparing perceptions of medical students during their academic journey to determine if leadership education could begin at the onset of medical studies.

Social services and healthcare personnel's digital competence profiles: A Finnish cross-sectional study.

Background: Recent research has highlighted the deficiencies and variations in the digital competences of social services and healthcare personnel. Yet there is a shortage of data regarding how the personnel use digital devices and solutions and their attitudes towards digitalisation. Hence, a systematic investigation into digital devices and solutions in healthcare is warranted.

Team players and helpers - describing professional identity among finnish physicians in a cross-sectional study.

Background: Every physician has a unique professional identity. However, little is known about the diversity of identities among physicians. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the professional identity of physicians in Finland using descriptions of professional identity.

Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Preterm-Born Young Adults and Association with Vitamin D: A Wearable Device Assessment.

Prematurity has been associated with impaired parasympathetic cardiac regulation later in life. Changes in heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) may indicate a risk for future cardiac dysfunction. The putative role of Vitamin D on cardiac autonomic function in individuals born preterm (PT) remains unknown.

Preterm-Born Young Women Have Weaker Hand Grip Strength Compared to Their Full-Term-Born Peers.

Prematurity has been linked to lower muscular fitness and increased morbidity across the human lifespan. Hand grip strength is widely used as a measure of muscle strength. Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the role of vitamin D in hand grip strength.

The effects of mindfulness-based interventions in medical students: a systematic review.

The number of studies on the effects of mindfulness on healthcare professionals is increasing. The main aim of this study was to collate the quantitative results of original studies analyzing the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on a variety of outcomes in medical students. We also analyzed how the study design and characteristics of the intervention affect the results, and identified qualitative effects of mindfulness interventions.

Myeloid-related protein 8/14 in plasma and serum in patients with new-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis in real-world setting in a single center.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the usefulness of myeloid-related protein 8/14 (MRP8/14) in the prediction of disease course in a real-world setting for patients with new-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), to identify the relationship between MRP8/14 and disease activity using the physician's global assessment of disease activity (PGA), and determine whether the MRP8/14 levels measured in serum and plasma are equally useful.

Methods: In this prospective follow-up study, 87 new-onset non-systemic JIA patients were studied. Blood and synovial fluid samples were collected prior to any antirheumatic medication use.

The Effectiveness and Student Perceptions of Peer-Conducted Team-Based Learning Compared to Faculty-Led Teaching in Undergraduate Teaching.

Background: Today's professionals need to be capable of independent information retrieval, teamwork, and lifelong learning. To meet these demands, more active learning methods are needed in university teaching. Team-based learning (TBL) is a learner-centered method which enables activation of students in large classes.

Delivery mode and the incidence of atopic sensitization and food allergy in a Finnish child population.

Background: Caesarean section (CS) has been associated with an increased risk of subsequent atopic diseases, particularly asthma and respiratory allergies, but controversial findings have also been reported. Our aim was to clarify the association between the delivery mode and longitudinal (atopic) outcomes.

Methods: The target population was identified from the population register and comprised all children born between 2001 and 2006 and living in the province of South Karelia, Finland (N = 5564).

Atopic diseases of the parents predict the offspring's atopic sensitization and food allergy.

Background: In genetic studies and selected study populations, parental atopy has been associated with atopic diseases in offspring. Our aim was to identify the association between parental atopic diseases and the offspring's atopic sensitization and food allergies, and their effect modifications due to the offspring's sex.

Methods: The study population (N = 5564) (born between 2001 and 2006) was identified from the population register and live in the province of South Karelia, Finland.

Occurrence of pollen season at the end of the first trimester predicts clinical atopic diseases in the offspring: A Finnish population-based study.

Objective: To evaluate the association between potential exposure to different pollen concentrations at the 11th fetal week and subsequent clinical atopic diseases.

Study Design And Setting: Parents of 1- to 4-year-old children (N = 3035) returned a questionnaire regarding physician-diagnosed atopic diseases. The children were born between 2001 and 2005 in the province of South Karelia, Finland.

Diverse age-incidence patterns of atopic sensitization in an unselected Finnish population up to 12 years.

Background: The temporal sequence in which allergic sensitization to different allergens emerges is not well characterized at the level of general population.

Objective: We describe the incidence patterns of atopic sensitization to different allergens from birth up to 12 years of age in an unselected Finnish population.

Methods: The study population comprised all children born between 2001 and 2006 identified from the nationwide population register as residents of the province of South Karelia, Finland (n = 5564).

Very early introduction of semisolid foods in preterm infants does not increase food allergies or atopic dermatitis.

Background: The optimal age for the introduction of solid foods for infants has long been a controversial issue.

Objective: To determine whether the early introduction of semisolid foods influences the incidence of food allergy or atopic dermatitis among preterm infants.

Methods: Retrospective data from 464 preterm infants born in Oulu University Hospital between 2008 and 2012 were analyzed.

Wheat oral immunotherapy was moderately successful but was associated with very frequent adverse events in children aged 6-18 years.

Aim: This study investigated oral immunotherapy (OIT) for children aged 6-18 years with wheat allergies.

Methods: Well-cooked wheat spaghetti was given to 100 children with wheat allergies every day for 17 weeks, increasing from 0.3 to 2000 mg of wheat protein, followed by three- and nine-month maintenance phases.

FOXP3 T cells are present in kidney biopsy samples in children with tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome.

Background: Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is an inflammatory disease of unknown pathogenesis. To evaluate a possible role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the pathophysiology of TIN with (TINU) and without uveitis, we investigated the presence and quantity of FOXP3 T regulatory lymphocytes in diagnostic kidney biopsies from pediatric patients.

Methods: A total of 33 patients (14 TIN and 19 TINU) were enrolled.

Damaging heterozygous mutations in NFKB1 lead to diverse immunologic phenotypes.

Background: The nuclear factor κ light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway is a key regulator of immune responses. Accordingly, mutations in several NF-κB pathway genes cause immunodeficiency.

Objective: We sought to identify the cause of disease in 3 unrelated Finnish kindreds with variable symptoms of immunodeficiency and autoinflammation.

Expression of Glucocorticoid Receptors GRα and GRβ in Bullous Pemphigoid.

First-line treatments of bullous pemphigoid (BP) are topical and systemic glucocorticoids (GC). The actions of GC are mediated by glucocorticoid receptors (GR), which exist in several isoforms, of which GRα and GRβ are the most important. In many inflammatory diseases, up-regulation of GRβ is associated with GC insensitivity.

CD4⁺ T-cell proliferation responses to wheat polypeptide stimulation in children at different stages of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity.

Aims: Our aim was to study whether immune responses to wheat-based proteins are related to the development of type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We analysed proliferative T-cell responses after in vitro gliadin, gluten, whole wheat, and tetanus toxoid stimulation with a carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) based T-cell proliferation assay in children at various phases of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity and in healthy autoantibody-negative control children.

Results: At an early stage of beta cell autoimmunity the strength and frequencies of positive proliferation responses to gliadin, gluten, and whole wheat did not differ between newly seroconverted children positive for one islet autoantibody and the controls.

Autoimmunity, hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphoproliferation, and mycobacterial disease in patients with activating mutations in STAT3.

The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors orchestrate hematopoietic cell differentiation. Recently, mutations in STAT1, STAT5B, and STAT3 have been linked to development of immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked-like syndrome. Here, we immunologically characterized 3 patients with de novo activating mutations in the DNA binding or dimerization domains of STAT3 (p.

Prediction of type 1 diabetes in the general population.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of GAD antibodies (GADAs) and islet antigen-2 antibodies (IA-2As) in prediction of type 1 diabetes over 27 years in the general population and to assess the 6-year rates of seroconversion.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 3,475 nondiabetic subjects aged 3-18 years were sampled in 1980, and 2,375 subjects (68.3%) were resampled in 1986.

FOXP3 inhibits activation-induced NFAT2 expression in T cells thereby limiting effector cytokine expression.

The forkhead DNA-binding protein FOXP3 is critical for the development and suppressive function of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (T(REG)), which play a key role in maintaining self-tolerance. Functionally, FOXP3 is capable of repressing transcription of cytokine genes regulated by NFAT. Various mechanisms have been proposed by which FOXP3 mediates these effects.

Serological evidence of thyroid autoimmunity among schoolchildren in two different socioeconomic environments.

Context: The mechanisms leading to thyroid autoimmunity are largely unknown.

Objective: Our objective was to assess the role of environment in the development of thyroid autoimmunity.

Design: Prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in two neighboring populations living in completely different socioeconomic circumstances (Russian Karelia and Finland) was studied.