The efficacy of attractive targeted sugar baits in reducing malaria vector abundance in low-endemicity settings of northwest Mali.

Background: Attractive targeted sugar baits (ATSBs) have the potential to significantly reduce infective female Anopheles mosquitoes in arid areas, such as in Northern Mali. Malaria is epidemic in the north due to the limited viability of Anopheles species in the desert climate. The goal of this study was to determine of the effect of ATSB on the number of older female An.

Taxonomic revision of the genus Nychiodes Lederer, 1853 (Geometridae: Ennominae: Boarmiini) with description of three new species-an integrative approach.

The non-European taxa of the genus Nychiodes Lederer, 1853 are revised. Type specimens of all described species and a large series of about 800 additional specimens were morphologically examined. More than 400 genitalia preparations were made and analyzed along with distributional and DNA barcode data.

Serological diagnostics of Lyme borreliosis: comparison of assays in twelve clinical laboratories in Northern Europe.

Lyme borreliosis (LB), caused by spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, is the most common tick-borne infection in Europe. Laboratory diagnosis of LB is mainly based on the patients' medical history, clinical signs and symptoms in combination with detection of Borrelia-specific antibodies where indirect enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most widely used technique. The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivities and specificities) of serological tests that are currently in use for diagnosis of LB in clinical laboratories in Northern Europe, by use of a large serum panel.

Anti-Folate Receptor Alpha-Directed Antibody Therapies Restrict the Growth of Triple-negative Breast Cancer.

Highly aggressive triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) lack validated therapeutic targets and have high risk of metastatic disease. Folate receptor alpha (FRα) is a central mediator of cell growth regulation that could serve as an important target for cancer therapy. We evaluated FRα expression in breast cancers by genomic ( = 3,414) and IHC ( = 323) analyses and its association with clinical parameters and outcomes.

[Uterine anomalies in women with recurrent pregnancy loss].

Introduction: One percent of couples trying to have children are affected by recurrent miscarriage. These pregnancy losses have different pathogenetic (genetic, endocrine, anatomic, immunologic, microbiologic, haematologic and andrologic) backgrounds, but recurrent miscarriage remains unexplained in more than half of the affected couples.

Aim: To explore risk factors for recurrent pregnancy loss the authors studied the incidence of anatomic disorders of the uterine cavity occur in Hungarian women with recurrent miscarriage.

Rho GTPases link cellular contractile force to the density and distribution of nanoscale adhesions.

The ability of cells to adhere and to exert contractile forces governs their capacity to move within an organism. The cytoskeletal regulators of the Rho GTPase proteins are involved in control of the contractile forces of cells. To elucidate the basis of cell migration, we analyzed contractile forces and nanoscale adhesion-related particles in single cells expressing constitutively active variants of Rho GTPases by using traction-force microscopy and ultra-high-resolution stimulated emission depletion microscopy, respectively.

[Metformin treatment with or without life style changes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome].

Unlabelled: Treatment with metformin three times 500 mg daily had been advised since 2002, to patients suffering from the polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed by the Rotterdam criteria and who did not want to take contraceptive pills. More recently, life style changes have also been introduced to treatment recommendation: increased physical activity, low glycaemic index diet; also with calorie restriction for the obese patients.

Aim: To assess the efficacy of the two treatment forms on clinical symptoms of the disease.

High-throughput live-cell imaging reveals differential inhibition of tumor cell proliferation by human fibroblasts.

Increasing evidence indicates that cancer development requires changes both in the precancerous cells and in their microenvironment. To study one aspect of the microenvironmental control, we departed from Michael Stoker's observation (Stroker et al, J Cell Sci 1966;1:297-310) that normal fibroblasts can inhibit the growth of admixed cancer cells (neighbour suppression). We have developed a high-throughput microscopy and image analysis system permitting the examination of live mixed cell cultures growing on 384-well plates, at the single cell level and over time.

PRIMA-1MET induces nucleolar translocation of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded EBNA-5 protein.

The low molecular weight compound, PRIMA-1MET restores the transcriptional transactivation function of certain p53 mutants in tumor cells. We have previously shown that PRIMA-1MET induces nucleolar translocation of p53, PML, CBP and Hsp70. The Epstein-Barr virus encoded, latency associated antigen EBNA-5 (also known as EBNA-LP) is required for the efficient transformation of human B lymphocytes by EBV.

Severe tick-borne encephalitis in a patient previously infected by West Nile virus.

We describe severe tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in a patient who had previously experienced West Nile fever, another flavivirus infection endemic in Hungary. Previous West Nile virus infection does not develop immunity either against TBE virus infection or the disease, and it does not mitigate its clinical course. The possibility of antibody-dependent enhancement is considered.

Autoimmune-associated HLA-B8-DR3 haplotypes in Asian Indians are unique in C4 complement gene copy numbers and HSP-2 1267A/G.

The classical AH8.1 (HLA-A1-B8-DR3-DQ2) is the most common Caucasian haplotype, associated with several autoimmune diseases, immunologic hyperreactivity and rapid progression to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. However, in Asian Indians, there are multiple unique B8-DR3 haplotypes that are associated with autoimmunity and differ significantly from the common Caucasian AH8.

Alloimmune and autoimmune background in recurrent pregnancy loss - successful immunotherapy by intravenous immunoglobulin.

Problem: Immunotherapies [leukocyte immunization, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)] introduced to treat women with recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) have still controversial results in most clinical trials. A selection of these patients would be advantageous for higher efficacy.

Method Of Study: A complex immunological panel assay was offered to patients with reproductive failure without any other known cause.

[Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion with immunopathological background].

Introduction: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is diagnosed if three or more spontaneous abortions follow each other typically in the first trimester. The root cause of miscarriages often can not be found. A significant proportion of this unexplained RSA cases may be caused by immunopathological failure.

[Treatment experience with metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome].

Based on the favourable international experience with metformin in the most common female endocrine disease, the polycystic ovary syndrome, which has insulin resistance in the background, the author's treatment advice has been this in such cases since early 2002: for sexually active women who do not want to become pregnant for the time being, anti-androgenic contraceptive pill; for those who do not want to take contraceptives, contraceptives are contraindicated, or who do want to conceive, metformin. 44/71 non-diabetic patients opted for metformin treatment. A 3 to 30 month follow-up period of 25 patients could be evaluated.

[Advantages of living donor kidney transplantation; possibilities in the national transplantation program].

The review paper summarizes the advantages of the living donor kidney transplantation aiming that this kind of activity should get more support in Hungary. It is a general phenomenon overall the world, that there is no more possibility to increase the number of cadaver transplantations, and the outcome of them is also worsening because of the accumulation of aged patients with long time period of dialysis treatment. The paper points out the better results of living donor kidney transplantation underlining that the kidney long term survival, in general, is 10% over the cadaver kidney survival with significant less complication.

The pattern of cytokine gene expression in human colorectal carcinoma.

Systemic and local cytokine environment may modulate the immunogenicity of colorectal cancer cells, and affect anti-tumor immune functions of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. We therefore investigated cytokine mRNA expression patterns in tumors and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. IL-2, IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-1 beta mRNAs in single cell suspension of freshly isolated colorectal cancer tissue were studied by RT-PCR.

The induction of active or peripheral tolerance in organ transplantation: dream or reality.

Immunological tolerance induction is one of the most exciting research fields in experimental and clinical transplantation. From the first discovery of Nobel Prize awarded to L. Brent and P.

[Methods of screening for adult celiac disease in patients attending ambulatory care service in immunology].

Introduction: Coeliac disease (gluten sensitive enteropathy) is a very frequent disease appearing in variegated clinical form. In the last decade--concerning the immunogenetic and immunopathological aspects of the disease many of new recognition came to alight.

Aim: As the disease can lay hidden in its non classical manifesting form for a very long time, authors wished to study the efficacy of screening, which may be introduced for patients attending immunological outpatient care service.

DNA typing revealing high HLA-Cw polymorphism completes availability of major histocompatibility complex loci in forensic medicine.

Studies of human population genetics in Hungary have revealed relevant heterogeneity in the major histocompatibility complex. In the present studies, two isolated ethnic groups were chosen: people living in the Káli Basin westward from the Danube River, and those living in Opusztaszer, a village eastward from Danube, who are known as native ancient Hungarians. Blood samples were collected from 70 people in the Káli Basin and from 45 people in Opusztaszer.

The complexity of immune and alloimmune response.

Alloimmune response induced by foreign histoincompatible alloantigens is a complex phenomenon possessing mechanisms, characteristics to innate and adoptive immune response. It is also modified by various immunregulating exocrine and autocrine factors. Starting the new time period of functional genomics the knowledge of human genes' structure needs a more clear insight not only about the function and contribution of genes but their historical background, origin and importance in the phylogenesis.

[Clinical and immunopathological significance of chimerism in bone marrow and organ transplantations].

Chimerism is an exceptional immunogenetic state, characterized by the survival and collaboration of cell populations originated from two different individuals. The prerequisites to induce chimerism are immunosuppression, myeloablation or severe immunodeficiency of the recipients on one side and donor originated immuno-hematopoietic cells in the graft on the other. Special immunogenetic conditions to establish chimerism are combined with bone marrow transplantation, transfusion and various kinds of solid organ grafting.