The Challenge of Pneumatosis Intestinalis: A Contemporary Systematic Review.

Purpose: Pneumatosis intestinalis is a radiological finding with incompletely understood pathogenesis. To date, there are no protocols to guide surgical intervention.

Methods: A systematic review of literature, according to PRISMA criteria, was performed.

Biosynthetic meshes in contaminated fields: where are we now? A systematic review and meta-analysis in humans.

Purpose: Selection of an appropriate mesh reinforcement for hernia repair in contaminated fields is a significant problem for surgeons. To date the proper mesh for contaminated fields has not been found. Biosynthetic meshes have emerged as new treatment option in contaminated fields.

An Outbreak of Human Systemic Anthrax, including One Case of Anthrax Meningitis, Occurred in Calabria Region (Italy): A Description of a Successful One Health Approach.

In this report, three cases of human cutaneous anthrax are described, one complicated by meningitis, and all were linked to a single infected bullock. A 41-year-old male truck driver, along with two male slaughterhouse workers, 45 and 42, were hospitalized for necrotic lesions of the arm associated with edema of the limb and high fever. All three patients were involved in transporting a bullock to the slaughterhouse.

Conservative management of complicated colonic diverticulitis: long-term results.

Background: The management of recurrent diverticulitis after initial non-operative treatment remains controversial. Recurrences after medical treatment have been described up to 36% but only 3 to 5% develop complicated disease.

Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of conservative treatment during a prolonged follow-up after first episode of complicated diverticulitis.

PROPHYlactic Implantation of BIOlogic Mesh in peritonitis (PROPHYBIOM): a prospective multicentric randomized controlled trial.

Background: Patients undergoing emergency surgery for peritonitis are at increased risk of abdominal wall-related complications. In patients with peritonitis, the risk of incisional hernia (IH) is extremely elevated. The evaluation of quality of life of patients with incisional hernia showed lower mean scores on physical components of health-related quality of life and body image.

Conservative Management of Complicated Colonic Diverticulitis in Early and Late Elderly.

: The management of complicated diverticulitis in the elderly can be a challenge and initial non-operative treatment remains controversial. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of conservative treatment in elderly people after the first episode of complicated diverticulitis. : This retrospective single-centre study describes 71 cases of elderly patients with complicated acute colonic diverticulitis treated with conservative management at Parma University Hospital from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2019.

Longitudinal Motor Functional Outcomes and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Patterns of Muscle Involvement in Upper Limbs in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

: The aim of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes using both upper limb muscle Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at shoulder, arm and forearm levels and Performance of upper limb (PUL) in ambulant and non-ambulant Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients. We also wished to define whether baseline muscle MRI could help to predict functional changes after one year. : Twenty-seven patients had both baseline and 12month muscle MRI and PUL assessments one year later.

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

To assess the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or steatohepatitis (NASH), we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Three large electronic databases were systematically searched (up to 15 December 2020) to identify placebo-controlled or active-controlled RCTs using different GLP-1 RAs. We included eleven placebo-controlled or active-controlled phase-2 RCTs (involving a total of 936 middle-aged individuals) that used liraglutide ( = 6 RCTs), exenatide ( = 3 RCTs), dulaglutide ( = 1 RCT) or semaglutide ( = 1 RCT) to specifically treat NAFLD or NASH, detected by liver biopsy ( = 2 RCTs) or imaging techniques ( = 9 RCTs).

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors for Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) tested the efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors to specifically treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We systematically searched three electronic databases (up to 31 October 2020) for identifying placebo-controlled or head-to-head RCTs that used SGLT-2 inhibitors for treatment of NAFLD. No published RCTs with paired liver biopsy data were available for the meta-analysis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: an updated meta-analysis.

Objective: Studies reported a significant association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, whether this risk changes with increasing severity of NAFLD remains uncertain. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to quantify the magnitude of the association between NAFLD and risk of incident CKD.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident diabetes mellitus: an updated meta-analysis of 501 022 adult individuals.

Objective: Follow-up studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes, but currently, it is uncertain whether this risk changes with increasing severity of NAFLD. We performed a meta-analysis of relevant studies to quantify the magnitude of the association between NAFLD and risk of incident diabetes.

Design: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to June 2020 using predefined keywords to identify observational studies with a follow-up duration of at least 1 year, in which NAFLD was diagnosed by imaging techniques or biopsy.

Gallstone ileus of the sigmoid colon. A case repor.

Gallstone ileus is a complication of cholelithiasis which is due to gallstone migration through a fistula between the gallbladder and the gastrointestinal tract followed by intraluminal impaction. This uncommon form of mechanical bowel obstruction occurs in <1% of patients with cholelithiasis. Gallstone ileus due to cholecystocolonic fistula is rare, and therefore appropriate surgical treatment is still a matter of debate.

Laparoscopic gastric bypass with remnant gastrectomy in a super-super obese patient with gastric metaplasia: a surgical hazard?

The endoscopic inaccessibility of the gastric remnant after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) for morbid obesity represents an important issue for patients with familiar history of gastric cancer (GC) or affected by premalignant lesions, such as intestinal metaplasia. If a different bariatric procedure is contraindicated, RYGBP with remnant gastrectomy represents a reasonable alternative, significantly reducing the risk of GC but potentially increasing postoperative morbidity. For this reason, only few cases have been reported in the recent Literature and none regarding a super-super obese patient.

Gallstone ileus. A case treated with minilaparotomy and a review of the literature.

Unlabelled: Gallstone ileus is a rare complication of cholelithiasis which occurs in less than 1% of patients and is the cause of 1- 4% of cases of small bowel obstruction. The pathogenesis involves the formation of a bilioenteric fistula. We report the case of gallstone ileus in an 81-year old woman with typical abdominal pain, arterial hypertension and coronary artery disease.