Medications and addictive substances potentially inducing or attenuating sleep bruxism and/or awake bruxism.

Bruxism is a repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterised by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible. It can occur during sleep, indicated as sleep bruxism, or during wakefulness, indicated as awake bruxism. Exogenous risk indicators of sleep bruxism and/or awake bruxism are, among others, medications and addictive substances, whereas also several medications seem to have the potential to attenuate sleep bruxism and/or awake bruxism.

A tailor-made approach for causality assessment for ADR reports on drugs and vaccines.

Purpose: To estimate causation of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports, causality methods were developed from a theoretical perspective. In daily practice, not all information is relevant or available, decreasing the applicability. We developed a new causality documentation tool (CausDoc) where an algorithm is combined with expert judgement.

[Merkel cell carcinoma during treatment with TNF-alpha inhibitors: coincidence or warning?].

Background: Increasing numbers of patients are being treated with TNF-alpha inhibitors. Two patients in our outpatient clinic developed Merkel cell carcinoma during treatment with TNF alpha inhibitors. Since this is a very rare malignancy, this is a remarkable observation.