An epidemiological study on the course of disease and therapeutic considerations in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients receiving injectable first-line disease-modifying therapies in Germany (EPIDEM).

Background: In relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), 'no evidence of disease activity' (NEDA) is regarded as a key treatment goal. The increasing number of treatments allows for individualized treatment optimization in patients with suboptimal response to first-line disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Therefore, monitoring of clinical and subclinical disease activity on DMTs has been recognized as an important component of long-term patient management.

The generalized transducing Salmonella bacteriophage ES18: complete genome sequence and DNA packaging strategy.

The generalized transducing double-stranded DNA bacteriophage ES18 has an icosahedral head and a long noncontractile tail, and it infects both rough and smooth Salmonella enterica strains. We report here the complete 46,900-bp genome nucleotide sequence and provide an analysis of the sequence. Its 79 genes and their organization clearly show that ES18 is a member of the lambda-like (lambdoid) phage group; however, it contains a novel set of genes that program assembly of the virion head.