Variants in Pediatric and Young Adult Thyroid Nodules.

Recent studies have suggested that pathogenic variants of the gene could be a driver of alterations in some pediatric thyroid nodules, but data are still limited. The aim of this study was to detect variants in the gene in a large cohort of pediatric thyroid nodules and then correlate them with clinicopathological data, with a focus on the disease prognosis in patients with thyroid carcinoma. This retrospective cohort study consisted of 350 pediatric and young adult patients (aged 2-21 years) with thyroid nodules, from whom 275 fresh-frozen thyroid nodule samples and 92 fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples were collected.

Thyroid Cancer Detection in a Routine Clinical Setting: Performance of ACR TI-RADS, FNAC, and Molecular Testing in Prospective Cohort Study.

The aim of our study was to address the potential for improvements in thyroid cancer detection in routine clinical settings using a clinical examination, the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Database System (ACR TI-RADS), and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) concurrently with molecular diagnostics. A prospective cohort study was performed on 178 patients. DNA from FNA samples was used for next-generation sequencing to identify mutations in the genes BRAF, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, and TERT.

Gut Microbiome Suffers from Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Childhood and Its Characteristics Are Positively Associated with Intra-Hospital Physical Exercise.

Gut microbiome impairment is a serious side effect of cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) treatment on gut microbiota composition in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Fecal microbiotas were categorized using specific primers targeting the V1-V3 region of 16S rDNA in eligible pediatric ALL patients after HSCT (n = 16) and in healthy controls (Ctrl, n = 13).

Recurrence of Graves' Disease: What Genetics of HLA and Can Tell Us.

Background: Approximately half of patients diagnosed with Graves' disease (GD) relapse within two years of thyreostatic drug withdrawal. It is then necessary to decide whether to reintroduce conservative treatment that can have serious side effects, or to choose a radical approach. Familial forms of GD indicate a significant genetic component.