Exploring the Relationship of Dietary Intake With Inattention, Hyperactivity, and Impulsivity, Beyond ADHD.

Objectives: This study investigates the association between dietary intake and ADHD diagnosis and its dimensions in adolescents.

Methods: In the KOALA Birth Cohort Study, 810 adolescents aged 16 to 20 years provided information on ADHD diagnosis and completed a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were extracted using Principal Component Analysis.

Young children's performance on a design fluency task: longitudinal data on total number of designs, clustering and switching, and regression-based norms.

Introduction: Design fluency (DF) tasks are commonly used to assess executive functions such as attentional control, cognitive flexibility, self-monitoring and strategy use. Next to the total number of correct designs, the standard outcome of a DF task, clustering and switching can help disentangle the processes underlying DF performance. We present the first longitudinal study of 4-8-year-old children's developmental DF trajectories.

DEcreased Cognitive functiON, NEurovascular CorrelaTes and myocardial changes in women with a history of pre-eclampsia (DECONNECT): research protocol for a cross-sectional pilot study.

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder affecting up to 8% of pregnancies. After pre-eclampsia, women are at increased risk of cognitive problems, and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disorders. These sequelae could result from microvascular dysfunction persisting after pre-eclampsia.

Effects of psychedelic microdosing versus conventional ADHD medication use on emotion regulation, empathy, and ADHD symptoms in adults with severe ADHD symptoms: A naturalistic prospective comparison study.

Adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often struggle with emotion regulation (ER), impacting their empathic skills and relationships. ADHD medication might not be as effective for ER issues as for ADHD symptoms. Microdosing (MD) psychedelics has shown promise for ADHD treatment and previous studies reported social-emotional benefits.

Trait mindfulness and personality characteristics in a microdosing ADHD sample: a naturalistic prospective survey study.

Background: Microdosing (MD), repeatedly taking psychedelics in small, non-hallucinogenic amounts, has been practiced by individuals to relieve attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Generally, adults diagnosed with ADHD have lower levels of mindfulness and differ in personality structure from non-ADHD adults. How MD affects mindfulness and personality in adults with ADHD remains unexplored.

Further validation of a new ADHD screening questionnaire measuring parents' explanations (time processing, cognition, and motivation) of inattention symptoms in their school-aged children.

The triple pathway model suggests that different neuropsychological factors underlie symptoms of inattention (i.e., time, cognition and/or motivation problems).

Attenuated cognitive functioning decades after preeclampsia.

Background: Preeclampsia, a hypertensive pregnancy disorder, is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, with remote cardio- and cerebrovascular implications. After preeclampsia, women may report serious disabling cognitive complaints, especially involving executive function, but the extent and time course of these complaints are unknown.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the impact of preeclampsia on perceived maternal cognitive functioning decades after pregnancy.

Wechsler Scale Intelligence Testing in Males with Dystrophinopathies: A Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Intelligence scores in males with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) remain a major issue in clinical practice. We performed a literature review and meta-analysis to further delineate the intellectual functioning of dystrophinopathies.

Method: Published, peer-reviewed articles assessing intelligence, using Wechsler Scales, of males with DMD or BMD were searched from 1960 to 2022.

Clinical Utility of Eye Tracking in Assessing Distractibility in Children with Neurological Disorders or ADHD: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aims to investigate distractibility quantified by recording and analyzing eye movements during task-irrelevant distraction in children with and without ADHD and in children with and without neurological disorders. Gaze behavior data and press latencies of 141 participants aged 6−17 that were collected during a computerized distraction paradigm with task-irrelevant stimuli (IDistrack) were analyzed. Children using attention-regulating medication were excluded from participation.

Psychometric properties of a new ADHD screening questionnaire: Parent report on the (potential) underlying explanation of inattention in their school-aged children.

The present study examined psychometric properties of a recently developed parent report screening questionnaire, i.e., Parent ADHD Screening questionnaire: Signaling the Core explanation underlying behavioral symptoms (PASSC).

[Formula: see text] Measuring visual matching and short-term recognition memory with the CANTAB® Delayed Matching to Sample task in schoolchildren: Effects of demographic influences, multiple outcome measures and regression-based normative data.

The study aims to establish demographically corrected, pediatric norms for the computerized Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS) test, a measure of "visual matching ability and short-term visual recognition memory, for non-verbalisable problems". The DMS was administered to = 184 children aged 5.10 to 14.

Age-dependent differences in the impact of paediatric traumatic brain injury on executive functions: A prospective study using susceptibility-weighted imaging.

Childhood and adolescence represent sensitive developmental periods for brain networks implicated in a range of complex skills, including executive functions (EF; inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility). As a consequence, these skills may be particularly vulnerable to injuries sustained during these sensitive developmental periods. The present study investigated 1) whether age at injury differentially affects EF 6 months and 2 years after TBI in children aged 5-15 years, and 2) whether the association between brain lesions and EF depend on age at injury.

Both facilitatory and inhibitory impairments underlie age-related differences of proactive cognitive control across the adult lifespan.

We investigated two components of proactive cognitive control, response facilitation and response inhibition, in an adult lifespan sample (N=544, age range=18-91years) by administering two response-preparation tasks: a procue task, primarily involving facilitation, and an anticue task, involving both facilitation and inhibition. Cues in both tasks corresponded with the index and middle fingers of either the left or right hand. After a random preparation interval (PI) of 100-850ms following the onset of the cue signal, a single-target stimulus indicated the required response.

Accuracy of WISC-III and WAIS-IV short forms in patients with neurological disorders.

The assessment of intellectual abilities is intensive, time-consuming, and might be considered burdensome for patients. We examined psychometric qualities of short forms (SFs) of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-third edition) and for adults (WAIS-fourth edition), in children (n = 986; M = 10.9) and adults (n = 324; M = 40.

Can IQ predict parent-reported behavioral and emotional problems in children with neurological deficiencies?

Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate whether total intelligence scores (FSIQ) and/or a discrepancy in intelligence can predict behavioral or emotional problems in children with neurological deficiencies.

Method: The population consists of children with neurological deficiencies (N = 610, ranging from 6 to 17 years), referred due to concerns on the (educational) development of the child to a tertiary outpatient clinic. All children were tested with the Dutch Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - third edition (WISC-III-NL).

Switch hands! Mapping proactive and reactive cognitive control across the life span.

We investigated the effects of age on proactive and reactive cognitive control in a large population sample of 809 individuals, ranging in age between 5 and 97 years. For that purpose, we used an anticue paradigm, which required a consistent remapping of cue location and response hand: Left-sided cues required right-hand responses and vice versa. After a random preparation interval of 100-850 ms, these anticues were followed by a target stimulus, which prompted a response with the index or middle finger of 1 of 2 hands.

Switch hands! Mapping temporal dynamics of proactive manual control with anticues.

This study uses a novel behavioral paradigm-the anticue task-to investigate the temporal dynamics of proactive control aimed at the resolution of response conflict in the manual motor system. The anticue task is a 4-choice reaction time (RT) task, with left and right anticues indicating mirror-symmetrical response hands. In particular, anticues require participants to prepare fingers on the hand opposite to the side of the cue (counter-corresponding mapping), which contrasts with the more standard procues that prompt participants to prepare fingers on the hand spatially in line with the cue (corresponding mapping).

Inter-individual differences in how presentation modality affects verbal learning performance in children aged 5 to 16.

This study examines inter-individual differences in how presentation modality affects verbal learning performance. Children aged 5 to 16 performed a verbal learning test within one of three presentation modalities: pictorial, auditory, or textual. The results indicated that a beneficial effect of pictures exists over auditory and textual presentation modalities and that this effect increases with age.

Administering design fluency tests in school-aged children: analyses of design productivity over time, clustering, and switching.

This study investigated the effects of child-related factors (age, sex, and intellectual abilities) upon design fluency (DF) test scores. A DF test, a semantic verbal fluency (VF) test, and a Block Design test, as a proxy of intelligence, were administered to N = 80 healthy native Dutch-speaking children aged 8.45-12.

Time estimation deficits in childhood mathematics difficulties.

Time perception has not been comprehensively examined in mathematics difficulties (MD). Therefore, verbal time estimation, production, and reproduction were tested in 13 individuals with MD and 16 healthy controls, matched for age, sex, and intellectual skills. Individuals with MD performed comparably to controls in time reproduction, but showed a tendency to be less accurate on tasks of verbal time estimation and time production.

Does instruction in semantic clustering and switching enhance verbal fluency in children?

This study investigated (1) test-retest reliabilities of Verbal Fluency (VF) outcome measures (i.e., word productivity, clustering, and switching) and (2) the effects of a brief training on semantic clustering to improve performance on a VF task.

Retrospective and prospective time deficits in childhood ADHD: The effects of task modality, duration, and symptom dimensions.

Time estimation is believed to be an adaptive function in human life. In the present study, prospective and retrospective time estimation are studied in both clinical-referred school-aged children with ADHD-C and healthy community control children, while examining more specifically the effects of type of time estimation task, length of time intervals (i.e.

Differential brain activation patterns in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) associated with task switching.

Objective: The main aim of the study was to examine blood oxygen level-dependent response during task switching in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method: Fifteen male adults with ADHD and 14 controls participated and performed a task-switching paradigm.

Results: Behaviorally, no specific executive control problems were observed in the ADHD participants, although they did display more errors in general.

Lateral preferences and their assessment in school-aged children.

A behaviour-based lateral preference instrument (the Lateral Preferences Questionnaire; LPQ; Van Strien, 1992, 2001) was administered to a large sample of school-aged children. The aims of the present study were twofold: (i) to evaluate the factor structure and the psychometric properties of the LPQ, and (ii) to evaluate the effects of age, gender, and mean level of parental education on lateral preferences and lateral consistency. Two factor models had an excellent fit with the data.

On the association between lateral preferences and pregnancy/birth stress events in a nonclinical sample of school-aged children.

The pathological left-handedness theory claims that pregnancy and birth stress events (PBSEs) are important risk factors for sinistrality, but previous studies yielded inconclusive results. The aim of the present study was to further evaluate the effect of PBSEs on multiple indicators of lateral preference (i.e.