An Abscopal Effect on Lung Metastases in Canine Mammary Cancer Patients Induced by Neoadjuvant Intratumoral Immunotherapy with Cowpea Mosaic Virus Nanoparticles and Anti-Canine PD-1.

Neoadjuvant intratumoral (IT) therapy could amplify the weak responses to checkpoint blockade therapy observed in breast cancer (BC). In this study, we administered neoadjuvant IT anti-canine PD-1 therapy (IT acPD-1) alone or combined with IT cowpea mosaic virus therapy (IT CPMV/acPD-1) to companion dogs diagnosed with canine mammary cancer (CMC), a spontaneous tumor resembling human BC. CMC patients treated weekly with acPD-1 (n = 3) or CPMV/acPD-1 (n = 3) for four weeks or with CPMV/acPD-1 (n = 3 patients not candidates for surgery) for up to 11 weeks did not experience immune-related adverse events.

Teaching the Future Radiologist: TED-Inspired Radiology Didactics.

TED (acronym for technology, entertainment and design) conferences are an astonishingly successful modern-day platform for "ideas worth spreading". These continue to engage, enlighten and entertain an ever-expanding audience base. TED speakers highlight simple yet relevant ideas, often challenging entrenched perspectives and proposing hitherto unexplored solutions.

Practical Tips and a Template for Developing Your Curriculum Vitae.

The Alliance of Leaders in Academic Affairs in Radiology (ALAAR) advocates for a Universal Curriculum Vitae for all medical institutions and to that end, we have developed a template that can be downloaded on the AUR website (ALAAR CV template) that includes all of the elements required by many academic institutions. Members of ALAAR represent multiple academic institutions and have spent many hours reviewing and providing input on radiologists' curricula vitae. The purpose of this review is to help academic radiologists accurately maintain and optimize their CVs with minimal effort and to clarify common questions that arise at many different institutions in the process of constructing a CV.

Great Question! The Art and Science of Crafting High-Quality Multiple-Choice Questions.

Assessment of medical knowledge is essential to determine the progress of an adult learner. Well-crafted multiple-choice questions are one proven method of testing a learner's understanding of a specific topic. The authors provide readers with rules that must be followed to create high-quality multiple-choice questions.

The ADVICER Template for Faculty Reviewer Letters for Promotion and Appointment.

Rationale And Objectives: Promotion is an important milestone in the career of academic radiologists. Appointments, Promotion and Tenure (APT) committees require multiple letters of support from both internal and external referees. Traditional narrative letters are highly subjective, have high inter-reader variability, are time-intensive, and vulnerable to gender and other biases.

Online Hide and Seek: Allopathic US Medical Schools' Radiology Education Virtual Presence.

Rationale And Objectives: To highlight radiology's merits and boost appeal to medical students in the digital era, it is increasingly important for radiology departments to be readily accessible to medical students. We report the results of a multivariate analysis of the virtual presence of radiology medical student education of 152 allopathic United States (US) medical schools, the first report of its kind to the authors' knowledge. We detail eight elements to include when optimizing a radiology medical student education website.

Implementation of a Departmental Resident Web-Based Database.

Rationale And Objectives: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires the gathering, monitoring, analysis, and reporting of a large number of resident performance parameters. To provide faster and more efficient documentation and tracking, we developed an online database.

Material And Methods: We used a commercial, customizable and affordable web-based relational database software to develop a multiplatform, flexible database that can track a myriad of resident data and is easy for residents, faculty, and administrative personnel to enter and retrieve specific data.

Harnessing the Power of Low-tech Collaborative Learning.

Medical education in the United States has undergone a paradigm shift from passive learning to more interactive student-centered teaching methods. Several digital tools and platforms have been developed to assist educators in creating a high-tech, interactive classroom. However, there are many low-tech ways to engage learners and improve retention by combining collaborative learning techniques and summary exercises.

AI-RADS: An Artificial Intelligence Curriculum for Residents.

Rationale And Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly emerged as a field poised to affect nearly every aspect of medicine, especially radiology. A PubMed search for the terms "artificial intelligence radiology" demonstrates an exponential increase in publications on this topic in recent years. Despite these impending changes, medical education designed for future radiologists have only recently begun.

Brave New World: Challenges and Opportunities in the COVID-19 Virtual Interview Season.

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the transition of the traditional residency interview to a virtual format. This new interview format creates additional challenges and opportunities for both programs and applicants. The specific challenges of the virtual interview format are described, as well as means to mitigate those challenges.

The Early Influence and Effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Resident Education and Adaptations.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a major impact on the education of trainees in the radiology environment. The precipitous drop in patient volumes and sequestering of faculty and trainees to maintain social distancing affects experiential learning. The shift of nearly all teaching settings to a virtual environment has been challenging but may also allow more interaction during teaching sessions than traditional readout sessions or didactic lectures.

Auditing RadExam: Employing Psychometrics to Improve Exam Quality.

Introduction: RadExam is a question item and exam database jointly developed by the Association of Program Directors in Radiology and the American College of Radiology to provide formative resident assessment, offering performance metrics benchmarked against institutional and national resident performance. Beyond resident performance, data is available on question and exam performance. Despite considerable investment in the education and training of its question writers and editors and meticulous attention to current psychometrically validated methods, it was anticipated a minority of exam questions would still perform poorly.

Development of Breast Imaging Specific Entrustable Professional Activities Using a Double Delphi Technique.

Rational And Objectives: To develop subspecialty-specific entrustable professional activities for breast imaging radiology (EPA-BRs) through the use of a double consensus-driven, validity-enhancing methodology that may be relevant to other subspecialties in radiology and medicine in general.

Materials And Methods: A six-step methodology was used to develop EPA-BRs via a double Delphi process followed by educational theorist's refinement. Two groups of experts completed each Delphi process: the core group of breast imaging educators and an expert panel of national experts in breast imaging standards and appropriateness.

Assessing Resident Performance in Screening Mammography: Development of a Quantitative Algorithm.

Rationale And Objectives: This study aims to provide objective performance data and feedback, including examination volumes, recall rates, and concordance with faculty interpretations, for residents performing independent interpretation of screening mammography examinations.

Method And Materials: Residents (r) and faculty (f) interpret screening mammograms separately and identify non-callbacks (NCBs) and callbacks (CBs). Residents review all discordant results.

Video-Based Teaching of Image-Guided Breast Interventions: Stereotactic Core Biopsy Using a Prone Table.

Introduction: The introduction of new technologies and teaching strategies to educate the digital learner creates the potential for a better and more standardized training experience across programs. Thus, we sought to create an instructional video on stereotactic core breast biopsy that simulates best practices and could be readily accessed by training programs to improve and standardize resident education.

Methods: At our institution, we use the video and questions as part of a flipped classroom educational activity.

The Clinician-Educator Pathway in Radiology: An Analysis of Institutional Promotion Criteria.

Purpose: To provide radiology departmental promotional committees and vice chairs of education with a more global perspective on the types of academic activity valued by institutions to aid in their faculty mentoring and standardizing of the Clinician-Educator (ClinEd) pathway.

Methods: Ninety-two research schools were ranked into three tiers. Ranking was correlated with the presence of a ClinEd track.

Driving Innovation in Radiology: A Summary of the 2015 Intersociety Committee Summer Conference.

The membership of the Intersociety Committee convened to consider how best to continue to stimulate, nurture, and support innovation in radiologic research and education in the face of ever increasing clinical demands and financial constraints. The topic was chosen in recognition that the growth and success of radiology over the past 50-plus years have been driven by spectacular technological developments in imaging and intervention and that the future relevance of the specialty will hinge on how the specialty continues to evolve. To keep radiology a dynamic and vital component of the health care enterprise will require continued innovation in technology and the requisite education that goes with it.

Brain Friendly Teaching-Reducing Learner's Cognitive Load.

Many didactic lectures induce a cognitive load in learners out of proportion to the content that they need to learn (or can learn) during that teaching session. This is due in part to the content, and in part to the way it is displayed or presented. By reducing the cognitive load on our audience, we can increase long-term retention of information.

Flipping Radiology Education Right Side Up.

Rationale And Objectives: In flipped learning, medical students independently learn facts and concepts outside the classroom, and then participate in interactive classes to learn to apply these facts. Although there are recent calls for medical education reform using flipped learning, little has been published on its effectiveness. Our study compares the effects of flipped learning to traditional didactic instruction on students' academic achievement, task value, and achievement emotions.

Guidelines for the Scholarly Use of Images.

As academic radiologists, we use a variety of images in our educational "products" regularly-whether they are lectures, websites, papers, digital media, or other resources. As the ability to download images from the Internet has proliferated, the need for us to have a basic understanding of copyright laws and how they might be applied to our products has increased. This article aims to provide answers to the most common questions.