Multiplicative, additive, and interactive associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with lung and prostate cancer.

Results regarding the epidemiological association of vitamin D with lung (LCA) and prostate cancer (PCA) are controversial. This study tested whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have interactive epidemiological associations with smoking, the number-one risk factor for LCA, and age, the number-one risk factor for PCA. Also, this study investigated whether the associations of 25(OH)D, smoking, age, alcohol consumption, body mass index, diet (the healthy Nordic diet score), and physical activity with incident LCA and PCA are multiplicative or additive.

How competing risks affect the epidemiological relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer incidence? A population-based study.

We hypothesized that controversial results regarding the epidemiological relationship between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D, and risk of prostate cancer (PCA) incidence are partly due to competing risks. To test the hypothesis, we studied associations across 25(OH)D, PCA and death in 2578 middle-aged men belonging to the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. The men were free of cancer at baseline, and the mean (SD) follow-up time was 23.

Improving the value of healthcare systems using the Triple Aim framework: A systematic literature review.

The notion of value-based healthcare has become increasingly important for healthcare institutions, and more and more countries are adopting its representative approach-namely, the US Institute for Healthcare Improvement's Triple Aim framework for optimizing health system performance in terms of population health, patient experience, and cost of care. In this study, using a five-step systematic review protocol and PRISMA methods we systematically review and analyze with descriptive and qualitative analysis methods literature on the results of using the Triple Aim framework for assessment at the health system level, especially the concept of balance among the framework's goals. Inclusion criteria were that the paper evaluated the policy-level impact of value-based healthcare movements based on the Triple Aim goals, discussing at least one of the goals or the balance.

Value-based healthcare logics and their implications for Nordic health policies.

Value-based healthcare (VBHC) is a widely approved logic for financing services, using innovative care models and evaluating healthcare outcomes. It is consistent with the Triple Aim framework of simultaneously improving population health, patient experience and the costs of care. In Nordic countries, VBHC has been mainly implemented as a strategic concept in developing hospitals.

Nursing intensity scores did not correlate well with reimbursement claims for infant bronchiolitis.

Aim: We retrospectively evaluated the hospital reimbursement rates for inpatient bronchiolitis treatment and then compared them to the RAFAELA nursing intensity scores.

Methods: We selected all 44 bronchiolitis patients treated in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and then for each PICU-treated patient two patients treated on the ward (n = 88) under 12 months of age in 2010-2015. The data included medical histories, hospital reimbursement rates using the Nordic Diagnosis Related Groups (NordDRG) or expense categories and the RAFAELA scores.

Dietary proteins and protein sources and risk of death: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.

Background: Previous studies investigating protein intake in relation to mortality have provided conflicting results.

Objective: We investigated the associations of dietary protein and protein sources with risk of disease death in the prospective, population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.

Methods: The study population consisted of 2641 Finnish men, aged 42-60 y at baseline in 1984-1989.

Intake of different dietary proteins and risk of type 2 diabetes in men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.

The roles of different dietary proteins in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain unclear. We investigated the associations of dietary proteins with the risk of incident T2D in Finnish men from the prospective Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. The study included 2332 men aged 42-60 years at the baseline examinations in 1984-1989.