Sodalis glossinidius and Wolbachia infections in wild population of Glossina morsitans submorsitans caught in the area of Lake Iro in the south of Chad.

Investigations on the bacterial fauna and their association with trypanosome infections in tsetse fly have revealed contrasting results. This study aimed to detect Wolbachia and S. glossinidius in wild populations of G.

Diversity of trypanosomes in humans and cattle in the HAT foci Mandoul and Maro, Southern Chad-A matter of concern for zoonotic potential?

Background: African trypanosomes are parasites mainly transmitted by tsetse flies. They cause trypanosomiasis in humans (HAT) and animals (AAT). In Chad, HAT/AAT are endemic.

Diversity of tsetse flies and trypanosome species circulating in the area of Lake Iro in southeastern Chad.

Background: African trypanosomiases are vector-borne diseases that affect humans and livestock in sub-Saharan Africa. Although data have been collected on tsetse fauna as well as trypanosome infections in tsetse flies and mammals in foci of sleeping sickness in Chad, the situation of tsetse fly-transmitted trypanosomes remains unknown in several tsetse-infested areas of Chad. This study was designed to fill this epidemiological knowledge gap by determining the tsetse fauna as well as the trypanosomes infecting tsetse flies in the area of Lake Iro in southeastern Chad.

Declining atmospheric deposition of heavy metals over the last three decades is reflected in soil and foliage of 97 beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands in the Vienna Woods.

Rigorous studies on long-term changes of heavy metal distribution in forest soils since the implementation of emission controls are rare. Hence, we resampled 97 old-growth beech stands in the Vienna Woods. This study exploits an extensive data set of soil (infiltration zone of stemflow and between trees area) and foliar chemistry from three decades ago.

A slight recovery of soils from Acid Rain over the last three decades is not reflected in the macro nutrition of beech (Fagus sylvatica) at 97 forest stands of the Vienna Woods.

Rigorous studies of recovery from soil acidification are rare. Hence, we resampled 97 old-growth beech stands in the Vienna Woods. This study exploits an extensive data set of soil (infiltration zone of stemflow and between trees area at different soil depths) and foliar chemistry from three decades ago.

Does mixing of beech () and spruce () litter hasten decomposition?

Background And Aims: It is of practical relevance to know how much beech must be admixed to pure spruce stands in order to increase litter decomposition and associated nutrient cycling, since the formation of thick organic layers is commonly ascribed to the recalcitrance of spruce needles. We addressed the impact of tree species mixture within forest stands and within litter on mass loss and nutritional release from litter.

Methods: Litter decomposition was measured in three adjacent stands of pure spruce (), mixed beech-spruce and pure beech () on a nutrient-rich site and a nutrient-poor site over a 2-year period using litterbags which were filled with five different mixtures of beech and spruce litter.

Greater accumulation of litter in spruce () compared to beech () stands is not a consequence of the inherent recalcitrance of needles.

Background And Aims: Replacement of beech by spruce is associated with changes in soil acidity, soil structure and humus form, which are commonly ascribed to the recalcitrance of spruce needles. It is of practical relevance to know how much beech must be admixed to pure spruce stands in order to increase litter decomposition and associated nutrient cycling. We addressed the impact of tree species mixture within forest stands and within litter on mass loss and nutritional release from litter.