[Current status of dietary measures in patients with advanced-stage chronic renal failure].

For patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) appropriately chosen and timely initiated dietary measures, as a complement to drug therapy, may slow the progression of the disease and delay the need for dialysis treatment. According to the results, dietary protein restriction may play a very important in management of such a patient. The effect of low protein diet is given by the early initiation and well cooperation of patients.

[Crystalopathy - underestimated entity in nephrology].

Crystal is a solid particle with a geometric shape because its atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a regular ordered structure. However, in case of accidental order of the particles, we are talking about the amorphous substances which can also form crystallike particles. Crystallopathy is a disease that involves crystals of crystallike particulate matter in the pathogenesis of tissue injury.

[What are the blood pressure targets for patients with chronic kidney disease?].

Cardiovascular (CV) diseases remain the main reason for mortality and morbidity among patients with or without chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension represents one of their risk factor. Despite the lack of definitive evidence that intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering improves kidney function outcomes, we agree with the recommendation of target BP.