Variants in Pediatric and Young Adult Thyroid Nodules.

Recent studies have suggested that pathogenic variants of the gene could be a driver of alterations in some pediatric thyroid nodules, but data are still limited. The aim of this study was to detect variants in the gene in a large cohort of pediatric thyroid nodules and then correlate them with clinicopathological data, with a focus on the disease prognosis in patients with thyroid carcinoma. This retrospective cohort study consisted of 350 pediatric and young adult patients (aged 2-21 years) with thyroid nodules, from whom 275 fresh-frozen thyroid nodule samples and 92 fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples were collected.

RET fusion genes in pediatric and adult thyroid carcinomas: cohort characteristics and prognosis.

Thyroid cancer is associated with a broad range of different mutations, including RET (rearranged during transfection) fusion genes. The importance of characterizing RET fusion-positive tumors has recently increased due to the possibility of targeted treatment. The aim of this study was to identify RET fusion-positive thyroid tumors, correlate them with clinicopathological features, compare them with other mutated carcinomas, and evaluate long-term follow-up of patients.

Ischemic Colitis in a Patient with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia.

At the time of the current COVID-19 pandemic, on a daily basis, we encountered patients suffering from various manifestations of this infection. The most common are respiratory symptoms. Many of the patients require acute hospital care, and a smaller group of them are hospitalized in intensive care units.

Disulfiram increases the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil in organotypic cultures of colorectal carcinoma.

Drug efficacy determined in preclinical research is difficult to transfer to clinical practice. This is mainly due to the use of oversimplified models omitting the effect of the tumor microenvironment and the presence of various cell types participating in the formation of tumors in vivo. In this study, we used robust three-dimensional models including spheroids grown from colon cancer cell lines and organotypic cultures prepared from the colorectal carcinoma tissue to test novel therapeutic strategies.

Metal Oxide Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Fatty Acids and Their Double Bond Positional Isomers.

We present a novel combination of a metal oxide laser ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MOLI MSI) technique with off-line lipid derivatization by ozone for the detection of fatty acids (FA) and their carbon-carbon double bond (C═C) positional isomers in biological tissues. MOLI MSI experiments were realized with CeO and TiO nanopowders using a vacuum matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI TOF) mass spectrometer in the negative mode. The catalytic properties of these metal oxides allow FA cleavage from phospholipids under UV laser irradiation.

Basic Motor Competencies of 6- to 8-Year-Old Primary School Children in 10 European Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study on Associations With Age, Sex, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity.

Basic motor competencies (BMC) are a prerequisite for children to be physically active, participate in sports and thus develop a healthy, active lifestyle. The present study provides a broad screening of BMC and associations with age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and extracurricular physical activity (PA) in 10 different European countries. The different country and regional contexts within Europe will offer a novel view on already established BMC associations.

Fusion Genes in Thyroid Carcinomas: Clinicopathological Characteristics and Their Impacts on Prognosis.

Chromosomal rearrangements of genes are oncogenic driver mutations in thyroid cancer (TC). This study aimed to identify fusion-positive thyroid tumors and to correlate them with clinical and pathological data and determine their prognostic significance. The cohort consisted of 989 different TC samples.

A selective p53 activator and anticancer agent to improve colorectal cancer therapy.

Impairment of the p53 pathway is a critical event in cancer. Therefore, reestablishing p53 activity has become one of the most appealing anticancer therapeutic strategies. Here, we disclose the p53-activating anticancer drug (3S)-6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-3-phenyl-1H,3H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]thiazole (MANIO).

[ERCP in patients after choledochodenoanastomosis].

Unlabelled: The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate our experience with diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) in patients after choledochoduodenoanastomosis.

Methods: The study took 20 years (November 1994 - December 2014). Three patients after choledochoduodenoanastomosis who had symptoms of biliary obstruction were retrospectively evaluated.

, , , , and Fusions in a Large Cohort of Pediatric Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas.

Pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a rare malignancy, but with increasing incidence. Pediatric PTCs have distinct clinical and pathological features and even the molecular profile differs from adult PTCs. Somatic point mutations in pediatric PTCs have been previously described and studied, but complex information about fusion genes is lacking.

High c-Myb Expression Associates with Good Prognosis in Colorectal Carcinoma.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a serious challenge for oncologists due to high incidence and large heterogeneity. Prognostic factors are needed to stratify patients according to risk of disease progression. In this study, we report that high expression of c-Myb protein, determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), associates with better overall and disease-free survival (OS, DFS) in a cohort of 103 patients.

Chromogranin A in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma.

This work discusses the clinical performance of chromogranin A (CGA), a commonly measured marker in neuroendocrine neoplasms, for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL). Plasma CGA (cut-off value 150 µg/L) was determined by an immunoradiometric assay. Free metanephrine (cut-off value 100 ng/L) and normetanephrine (cut-off value 170 ng/L) were determined by radioimmunoassay.

Natural history, treatment, and long-term follow up of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B: an international, multicentre, retrospective study.

Background: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B is a rare syndrome caused mainly by Met918Thr germline RET mutation, and characterised by medullary thyroid carcinoma, phaeochromocytoma, and extra-endocrine features. Data are scarce on the natural history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B. We aimed to advance understanding of the phenotype and natural history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B, to increase awareness and improve detection.

Neovascularization after ischemic conditioning of the stomach and the influence of follow-up neoadjuvant chemotherapy thereon.

Introduction: Esophagectomy and reconstruction remain the optimal treatment for patients with resectable esophageal cancer. Neovascularization after ischemic conditioning of the stomach before esophagectomy is a laparoscopic procedure which may potentially reduce gastric conduit ischemia.

Aim: To investigate the influence of ischemic conditioning on neovascularization along the greater curvature of the stomach and to explore the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on neovascularization after ischemic conditioning.

[Thyroid carcinomas: the present view on diagnostics and therapy].

Thyroid carcinoma (TC) represents 1-2 % of all human tumors, and is the seventh most common tumor. Women are in large majority among new patients. For women, this is the fifth most common tumor.

[Thyroid carcinomas - current therapeutic procedures].

Incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinomas, especially papillary carcinomas, in recent decades worldwide increase. This is especially the detection of small tumor sizes up to two centimeters. Causes of the increase of these cancers are either increased number of thyroid investigations, but also the actual increase of this disease.

[Thyroid cancer in children and adolescents and its molecular genetic background].

Thyroid cancer is the main endocrine malignancy. Its incidence is steadily growing and what is alarming is its increase in children and adolescent population. Pediatric thyroid carcinomas differ from the adult ones in phenotype as well as in genetics.

Polymorphisms in selected DNA repair genes and cell cycle regulating genes involved in the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. In addition to causal somatic mutations in the BRAF gene and RET/PTC rearrangements, the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in low-penetrance genes in the development of PTC has been proposed.

Methods: Four SNPs in the XRCC1 (Arg399Gln, Arg280His, Arg194Trp and T-77C) and one SNP from each of three other genes participating in DNA repair pathways and/or cell cycle regulation (ATM Asp1853Asn, TP53 Arg72Pro, CDKN1B Val109Gly) were selected.

Overexpression of c-Myb is associated with suppression of distant metastases in colorectal carcinoma.

The MYB gene codes for the c-Myb transcription factor maintaining proliferation of colon epithelial progenitors, thus controlling colon development and homeostasis. This gene is overexpressed in early phases of colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of c-Myb in CRC tissue samples both at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels and to evaluate their associations with clinicopathological characteristics in a group of 108 CRC patients.

Li(+) Catalysis and Other New Methodologies for the Radical Polymerization of Less Activated Olefins.

After a brief survey of conventional radical polymerization of alkenes, we review their Li(+) catalyzed radical polymerization and their controlled radical polymerization. Emphasis is on homopolymerization, but related copolymerization of less activated monomers is mentioned as well.

A novel RET/PTC variant detected in a pediatric patient with papillary thyroid cancer without ionization history.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent type of thyroid cancer. Its development is often caused by the formation of RET/PTC fused genes. RET/PTC1 is the most prevalent form, where exon 1 of CCDC6 gene is fused with the intracellular portion of RET protooncogene starting with exon 12.

[Draft of the best medical treatment in patients with low-risk thyroid cancer].

Introduction: The incidence of well-differentiated low-risk thyroid cancer have increased globally over the last three decades. Thyroid cancer treatment relates to a suitable surgical procedure and the use of adjuvant radio-iodine therapy in selected patients. Evaluation of prognostic factors and risk stratification are critical for determining appropriate treatment.