Publications by authors named "Petr Tarkowski"

Plasmodiophora brassicae, a soil-borne biotroph, establishes galls as strong physiological sinks on Brassicaceae plants including Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana. We compare transcriptional profiles of phloem dissected from leaf petioles and hypocotyls of healthy and infected B. napus plants.

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This study deals with the comprehensive phytochemical composition and antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 of acidic (non-decarboxylated) and neutral (decarboxylated) ethanolic extracts from seven high-cannabidiol (CBD) and two high-Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THC) Cannabis sativa L. genotypes. Their secondary metabolite profiles, phytocannabinoid, terpenoid, and phenolic, were determined by LC-UV, GC-MS, and LC-MS/MS analyses, respectively.

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Plants can sense and respond to non-damaging mechanical stimulation such as touch, rain, or wind. Mechanical stimulation induces an increase of cytosolic calcium ([Ca]), accumulation of phytohormones from the group of jasmonates (JAs) and activation of gene expression, which can be JAs-dependent or JAs-independent. Response to touch shares similar properties with reactions to stresses such as wounding or pathogen attack, and regular mechanical stimulation leads to changes in growth and development called thigmomorphogenesis.

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Plant hormones are chemical signals governing almost every aspect of a plant's life cycle and responses to environmental cues. They are enmeshed within complex signaling networks that can only be deciphered by using broad-scale analytical methods to capture information about several plant hormone classes simultaneously. Methods used for this purpose are all based on reversed-phase (RP) liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric detection.

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The REQUIRED FOR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZATION1 (RAM1) transcription factor from the GRAS family is well known for its role as a master regulator of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous species, being essential in transcriptional reprogramming for the development and functionality of the arbuscules. In tomato, SlGRAS27 is the putative orthologue of RAM1 (here named SlRAM1), but has not yet been characterized. A reduced colonization of the root and impaired arbuscule formation were observed in SlRAM1-silenced plants, confirming the functional conservation of the RAM1 orthologue in tomato.

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We have developed and validated a novel LC-MS/MS method for simultaneously analyzing amino acids, biogenic amines, and their acetylated and methylated derivatives in plants. This method involves a one-step extraction of 2-5 mg of lyophilized plant material followed by fractionation of different biogenic amine forms, and exploits an efficient combination of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), reversed phase (RP) chromatography with pre-column derivatization, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS). This approach enables high-throughput processing of plant samples, significantly reducing the time needed for analysis and its cost.

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In Arabidopsis, the plastidial isoform of phosphoglucose isomerase, PGI1, mediates growth and photosynthesis, likely due to its involvement in the vascular production of cytokinins (CK). To examine this hypothesis, we characterized pgi1-2 knockout plants impaired in PGI1 and pgi1-2 plants specifically expressing PGI1 in root tips and vascular tissues. Moreover, to investigate whether the phenotype of pgi1-2 plants is due to impairments in the plastidial oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) or the glycolytic pathway, we characterized pgl3-1 plants with reduced OPPP and pfk4pfk5 knockout plants impaired in plastidial glycolysis.

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This study investigated the effect of light intensity and signaling on the regulation of far-red (FR)-induced alteration in photosynthesis. The low (LL: 440 μmol m s) and high (HL: 1135 μmol m s) intensity of white light with or without FR (LLFR: 545 μmol m s including 115 μmol m s; HLFR: 1254 μmol m s + 140 μmol m s) was applied on the tomato cultivar (Solanum Lycopersicon cv. Moneymaker) and mutants of phytochrome A (phyA) and phytochrome B (phyB1, and phyB2).

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Based on the mimicry of microbial metabolites, functionalized indoles were demonstrated as the ligands and agonists of the pregnane X receptor (PXR). The lead indole, FKK6, displayed PXR-dependent protective effects in DSS-induced colitis in mice and in vitro cytokine-treated intestinal organoid cultures. Here, we report on the initial in vitro pharmacological profiling of FKK6.

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Co-occurring heat and drought stresses challenge crop performance. Stomata open to promote evaporative cooling during heat stress, but close to retain water during drought stress, which resulted in complex stomatal regulation under combined heat and drought. We aimed to investigate stomatal regulation in leaves and flowers of perennial, indeterminate cultivars of tomatoes subjected to individual and combined heat and drought stress followed by a recovery period, measuring morphological, physiological, and biochemical factors involved in stomatal regulation.

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Article Synopsis
  • Onosma riedliana, a traditionally used plant, was studied for its therapeutic potential, marking the first report on its phenolic profile and biological activity.
  • The methanolic extract had the highest phenolic content and demonstrated strong antioxidant properties, mainly due to compounds like hesperidin and luteolin.
  • The plant's extracts also showed varied enzyme inhibition, with ethyl acetate affecting cholinesterase and tyrosinase, while the methanolic extract inhibited carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, indicating its potential for pharmaceutical applications.
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As an indolamine, melatonin (CHNO) performs essential roles in the regulation of plant growth and development and ameliorates the harmful effects of abiotic stresses. This study examined two types of melatonin application, pre-sowing (prMel) and application during growth (ptMel), in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings exposed to four different doses (100, 200, 300, and 400 Gy) of radioactive cobalt (Co) gamma rays as dry seeds to investigate their ameliorative effects on ionizing radiation (IR) stress.

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The field of plant hormonomics focuses on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the hormone complement in plant samples, akin to other omics sciences. Plant hormones, alongside primary and secondary metabolites, govern vital processes throughout a plant's lifecycle. While active hormones have received significant attention, studying all related compounds provides valuable insights into internal processes.

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The carnivorous plants in the order Caryophyllales co-opted jasmonate signalling from plant defence to botanical carnivory. However, carnivorous plants have at least 11 independent origins, and here we ask whether jasmonate signalling has been co-opted repeatedly in different evolutionary lineages. We experimentally wounded and fed the carnivorous plants Sarracenia purpurea (order Ericales), Cephalotus follicularis (order Oxalidales), Drosophyllum lusitanicum (order Caryophyllales), and measured electrical signals, phytohormone tissue level, and digestive enzymes activity.

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Although medical cannabis was legalized in Czechia in 2013 and its use in topical treatments of skin disorders is now allowed, galenic formulations prepared from medical cannabis have not been widely implemented in the Czech healthcare system. One of the main reasons is the lack of a straightforward standardized protocol for their preparation. Cannabinoids, e.

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The heart of oxygenic photosynthesis is the water-splitting photosystem II (PSII), which forms supercomplexes with a variable amount of peripheral trimeric light-harvesting complexes (LHCII). Our knowledge of the structure of green plant PSII supercomplex is based on findings obtained from several representatives of green algae and flowering plants; however, data from a non-flowering plant are currently missing. Here we report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of PSII supercomplex from spruce, a representative of non-flowering land plants, at 2.

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In his famous book , Charles Darwin observed that the bending response of tentacles in the carnivorous sundew plant was not triggered by a drop of water, but rather the application of many dissolved chemicals or mechanical stimulation. In this study, we tried to reveal this 150-years-old mystery using methods not available in his time. We measured electrical signals, phytohormone tissue level, enzyme activities and an abundance of digestive enzyme aspartic protease droserasin in response to different stimuli (water drop, ammonia, mechanostimulation, chitin, insect prey) in Cape sundew ().

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Endodormancy (ED) is a crucial stage in the life cycle of many perennial plants. ED release requires accumulating a certain amount of cold exposure, measured as chilling units. However, the mechanism governing the effect of chilling on ED duration is poorly understood.

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Cannabinoids, a class of compounds derived from Cannabis sativa L., have recently become more widely accessible for public consumption in the form of diverse cannabis products, in parallel with weakening the measures that so far restricted their availability. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved several cannabis-derived drugs for management of various diseases as well as chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

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Polyamines such as spermidine and spermine are essential regulators of cell growth, differentiation, maintenance of ion balance and abiotic stress tolerance. Their levels are controlled by the spermidine/spermine N -acetyltransferase (SSAT) via acetylation to promote either their degradation or export outside the cell as shown in mammals. Plant genomes contain at least one gene coding for SSAT (also named NATA for N-AcetylTransferase Activity).

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As a multifunctional signal molecule, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays many important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. The effect of melatonin application on enhancing plant stress tolerance has been widely reported, but the ameliorative effect of exogenous melatonin treatment on plants exposed to ionization stress is still unknown. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of two types of melatonin treatment, pre-sowing priming (prMel) and application during growth (ptMel), in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

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Article Synopsis
  • Cytokinins (CKs) are important for regulating plant growth processes like photosynthesis and aging in leaves, and the enzyme Isopentenyltransferase (IPT) plays a key role in their production.
  • Research showed that overexpressing the ipt gene specifically in tomato roots postponed the aging of leaves, while overexpression in the leaves themselves did not have the same effect.
  • Grafting experiments confirmed that CKs from the roots influence leaf health, indicating a communication system between roots and shoots that impacts leaf aging through changes in CK levels and their derivatives.
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L. is the largest genus in the family Lamiaceae, with about 1,000 species and a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. species are used in both traditional and conventional medicines, and other numerous industries, such as spices and perfumes.

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This study presents the very first report on the antiviral activity of selected essential oils of Lamiaceae plant species and their monoterpenes against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Nineteen essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of dried plant material, and their monoterpene profiles were determined. In addition, the exact concentrations of each monoterpene that were found at a significant level were defined.

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This study presents the first report on phenolic composition and bioactivity of ethanolic extracts of three plant species that grow in the western Balkan mountains and are used in traditional folk medicine: , , and . Phenolics were extracted from different aerial plant parts using 80% ethanol to assess the possibility of sustainable use of these plants as a source of bioactive compounds without disruption to the roots (for ) or destruction of whole habitats (for and ). The ethanolic extract of flower contained noticeable levels of apigenin and quercetin.

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