A common variant near BDNF is associated with dietary calcium intake in adolescents.

Specific targets for most obesity candidate genes discovered by genomewide association studies remain unknown. Such genes are often highly expressed in the hypothalamus, indicating their role in energy homeostasis. We aimed to evaluate the associations of selected gene variants with adiposity and dietary traits.

The Impact of Gender and Protein Intake on the Success of Weight Maintenance and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Benefits, Independent of the Mode of Food Provision: The DiOGenes Randomized Trial.

Objective: Maintenance of weight loss and associated cardiovascular benefits after following energy-restricted diets is still a challenging field, and thorough investigation is needed. The present research aimed to determine the role of protein and gender in relation to two different intervention models related to food supply, in a weight maintenance trial.

Subjects And Methods: The DiOGenes trial was a long-term, multicenter, randomized, dietary intervention study, conducted in eight European countries (Clinical Trials.

System model network for adipose tissue signatures related to weight changes in response to calorie restriction and subsequent weight maintenance.

Nutrigenomics investigates relationships between nutrients and all genome-encoded molecular entities. This holistic approach requires systems biology to scrutinize the effects of diet on tissue biology. To decipher the adipose tissue (AT) response to diet induced weight changes we focused on key molecular (lipids and transcripts) AT species during a longitudinal dietary intervention.

Glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance: prevalence, gender differences and predictors in adolescents.

Background: Adolescence, due to transient pubertal insulin resistance (IR), is associated with a higher risk for disturbances of glucose metabolism. The aim of our study was 1) to investigate the prevalence of disturbances of glucose metabolism, 2) to define gender specific homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) thresholds associated with increased cardiometabolic risks and 3) to provide predictors of HOMA-IR.

Methods: The studied cohort consisted of Czech adolescents aged 13.

Higher protein diets consumed ad libitum improve cardiovascular risk markers in children of overweight parents from eight European countries.

Dietary strategies to improve early cardiovascular markers in overweight children are needed. We investigated the effect of dietary protein and glycemic index (GI) on cardiovascular markers and metabolic syndrome (MetS) scores in 5- to 18-y-old children of overweight/obese parents from 8 European centers. Families were randomized to 1 of 5 diets consumed ad libitum: high protein (HP) or low protein (LP) combined with high GI (HGI) or low GI (LGI), or a control diet.

Metabolic syndrome, circulating RBP4, testosterone, and SHBG predict weight regain at 6 months after weight loss in men.

Objective: Weight loss helps reduce the symptoms of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the obese, but weight regain after active weight loss is common. The changes and predictive role of circulating adipokines and sex hormones for weight regain in men during dietary intervention, and also the effect of basal MetS status on weight regain, were investigated.

Design And Methods: Twenty-four men who continued to lose weight (WL) and 24 men who regained weight (WR) during the 6-month follow-up period after weight loss were selected from the Diogenes Study.

Influence of SNPs in nutrient-sensitive candidate genes and gene-diet interactions on blood lipids: the DiOGenes study.

Blood lipid response to a given dietary intervention could be determined by the effect of diet, gene variants or gene-diet interactions. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether variants in presumed nutrient-sensitive genes involved in lipid metabolism modified lipid profile after weight loss and in response to a given diet, among overweight European adults participating in the Diet Obesity and Genes study. By multiple linear regressions, 240 SNPs in twenty-four candidate genes were investigated for SNP main and SNP-diet interaction effects on total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and TAG after an 8-week low-energy diet (only main effect) ,and a 6-month ad libitum weight maintenance diet, with different contents of dietary protein or glycaemic index.

Effects of weight loss and long-term weight maintenance with diets varying in protein and glycemic index on cardiovascular risk factors: the diet, obesity, and genes (DiOGenes) study: a randomized, controlled trial.

Background: We sought to separately examine the effects of either weight loss or diets varying in protein content and glycemic index without further changes in body weight on cardiovascular risk factors within the Diet, Obesity, and Genes study (DiOGenes).

Methods And Results: DiOGenes is a pan-European controlled dietary intervention study in 932 overweight adults who first lost body weight on an 8-week low-calorie diet and were then randomized to 1 of 5 ad libitum diets for 26 weeks. The diets were either high or low protein or high or low glycemic index in 4 combinations or control.

Blood profiling of proteins and steroids during weight maintenance with manipulation of dietary protein level and glycaemic index.

Weight regain after weight loss is common. In the Diogenes dietary intervention study, a high-protein and low-glycaemic index (GI) diet improved weight maintenance. The objective of the present study was to identify (1) blood profiles associated with continued weight loss and weight regain (2) blood biomarkers of dietary protein and GI levels during the weight-maintenance phase.

Effects of different protein content and glycaemic index of ad libitum diets on diabetes risk factors in overweight adults: the DIOGenes multicentre, randomized, dietary intervention trial.

Background: Dietary regimens providing different levels of protein and glycemic index (GI) foods when prescribed for weight management may also influence insulin sensitivity.

Procedures And Outcomes: Overweight/obese adults in 8 European countries who lost ≥ 8% of initial body-weight (BW) after following a low calorie diet (LCD) were later randomly assigned with a 2x2 factorial design into 4 ad libitum dietary groups with two different protein content levels and dissimilar glycemic index, which were compared to a healthy reference diet. Specific markers assessing insulin resistance were measured.

[A new simple method for estimating trunk and visceral fat by bioelectrical impedance: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging and dual X-ray absorptiometry in Czech adolescents].

Background: The enlargement of visceral fat (VF) in abdominal obesity is associated with increased cardiometabolic health risks in both adults and adolescents. A precise measurement of VF by sophisticated methods as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cannot be applied in routine clinical practice. The aim of our study was to compare estimates on visceral and trunk fat in adolescents obtained by a new bioimpedance analysis instrument (BIA)--Tanita AB-140 ViScan--with those obtained by MRI, dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and anthropometry.

[Reduction of abdominal obesity and cardiometabolic health risks in obese adolescents in response to a short-term spa weight management program].

Background: Overweight and obesity is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular complications even in children and adolescents. Obesity in childhood represents a serious health problem, as an obese child frequently remains obese subject in adulthood. Obesity is also an important early risk factor for morbidity and mortality in adulthood.