In bacteria, one primary and multiple alternative sigma (σ) factors associate with the RNA polymerase core enzyme (E) to form holoenzymes (Eσ) with different promoter recognition specificities. The alternative σ factor RpoS/σ is produced in stationary phase and under stress conditions and reprograms global gene expression to promote bacterial survival. To date, the three-dimensional structure of a full-length free σ factor remains elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF