Morphological adaptation of the tongue of okapi (Okapia johnstoni Artiodactyla, Giraffidae)-Anatomy, histology, and ultrastructure.

The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of the tongue of the okapi, and to compare the results with other ruminants including browsers, intermediates and grazers. The material was collected post-mortem from two animals from a Zoological Garden. The structure of the okapi tongue, focusing of the shape of the tongue, lingual surface, its papillae and lingual glands, was examined using gross morphology, light and polarized microscopy, and by scanning electron microscopy.

Lingual Ultrastructural and Histochemical Study in the Patagonian Mara (Rodentia: Caviidae, ) in Relation to Other Hystricomorphs.

The study describes the ultrastructure of the tongue in the Patagonian mara () using light and scanning electron microscopy. Histochemical methods were used for evaluation of lingual salivary glands. The tongue is divided into a small and rounded apex, a narrow corpus, and a significantly wider radix, with a well-developed lingual prominence.

Regulatory T lymphocytes and selected cytokines in horses with mild to severe equine asthma and different inflammatory cytology profiles.

This study determined Tregs and inflammatory cytokines in BALF and peripheral blood (PB) of adult horses with mild and severe asthma and different BALF cytological inflammation profiles. Horses of diverse breeds with asthma (age range: 2-20 years, n = 24) were divided into groups according to the number of points obtained in a standardized clinical scoring system (mild-moderate equine asthma - MEA, severe equine asthma - SEA) and according to the inflammation type based on cytological finding. Plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 and MMP-9 in the BALF were determined by ELISA.

Lymphocyte immunophenotyping and concentration of MMP-9 in transudates and exudates in horses.

This study is the first to provide information on the lymphocyte subpopulations in peritoneal effusions in horses. Peritoneal transudates (n = 12), peritoneal exudates (n = 6) and a pleural exudate (n = 1) were analyzed. The total nucleated cell count (TNCC), total protein (TP) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) concentration determined by ELISA were measured and routine cytological evaluation was performed.

Comparative Study of Lingual Papillae, Lingual Glands and Lyssa of the Tongue of Selected Wild Felids (Carnivora, Felidae) in Biological Aspects.

Although much attention has been paid in the literature to the morphology of the tongue in various animal species, including some Felidae, it has not yet been described in detail in the vulnerable and and the last concern and . Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize the features of the tongue surface, lingual glands and lyssa in the above-mentioned four selected wild species of the Pantherinae and Felinae subfamilies. Macroscopic, histological, histochemical and ultrastructural analyzes were used in the present work.

Electrolyte, Oestradiol and Progesterone Concentrations in Ovarian Cyst Fluid in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus).

Despite their high prevalence, the aetiopathogenesis of ovarian cysts in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) is unknown. We examined tissue samples of cystic ovaries from 20 guinea pigs by histopathology and immunohistochemistry for CD10 antigen, and determined the concentrations of Na, K, Cl, oestradiol and progesterone in the cyst fluid. Cystic rete ovarii were found in all 20 guinea pigs but no follicular cysts.

The tongue of the red panda ( Cuvier, 1825)-a stereoscopy, light microscopy and ultrastructural analysis.

In the light of recent molecular studies, there are two phylogenetic species of the red panda (): and . The red panda belongs to the endangered species living in the wild only in Asia and is included in the CITES list. Although the biology and diet of this species has been extensively described, the histological structure of the tongue and lingual glands has not yet been characterized in detail in relation to the lifestyle of this mammal under specific conditions and as a basis for comparative anatomical studies of the biodiversity of endemic species.

Mast cells and Kurloff cells - Their detection throughout the oestrous cycle in normal guinea pig ovaries and in guinea pigs with cystic rete ovarii.

Mast cells (MCs) and Kurloff cells (KCs) were detected in guinea pig ovaries in the follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle. The samples of ovaries were fixed in Mota's basic lead acetate. Toluidine blue was used for detection of MCs and periodic acid-Schiff for detection of KCs.

Microstructure of the Surface of the Tongue and Histochemical Study of the Lingual Glands of the Lowland Tapir ( Linnaeus, 1758) (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae).

Although the anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract has been characterized in the lowland tapir (), the exact anatomy of its tongue has not been studied. Samples of the lingual papillae and lingual glands were collected from the tongue of an adult female lowland tapir. The microscopic analysis of the structure of the lingual papillae and the histochemical analysis of the secretion of the lingual glands were analyzed.

Effect of GnRH agonist deslorelin implant on spermatogenesis and testosterone concentration in Guinea pigs (Cavia aperea porcellus).

Guinea pigs are social animals that are often kept in groups regardless of their gender. Due to reproduction control and male aggressiveness prevention, surgical castration is commonly required. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of GnRH agonist implant (4.

An unusual case of infected uterus masculinus in a dog.

Background: Paraprostatic cysts are large structures that develop between the prostate gland and urinary bladder, usually in older, intact dogs. Their incidence is reported to be 1.1-5.

Changes in the mast cell distribution in the canine ovary and uterus throughout the oestrous cycle.

This is the first study describing the relation between the phase of the oestrous cycle and the number of mast cells (MCs) in the canine ovaries and uterine horns. The total number of MCs was counted in cortex ovarii, medulla ovarii, endometrium and myometrium. The number of MCs was compared in all of these areas among the bitches in the early follicular phase, luteal phase and anoestrus.

Microscopic structure of the tongue in the lesser hedgehog tenrec (Echinops telfairi, Afrosoricida) and its relation to phylogenesis.

The tongue of the lesser hedgehog tenrec (Echinops telfairi) was evaluated by light and scanning electron microscopy. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of the tongue were densely covered with various types of lingual papillae. Two types of mechanical papillae (filiform and conical) and two types of sensory papillae (fungiform and vallate) were observed.

Self-supervised learning of the biologically-inspired obstacle avoidance of hexapod walking robot.

In this paper, we propose an integrated biologically inspired visual collision avoidance approach that is deployed on a real hexapod walking robot. The proposed approach is based on the Lobula giant movement detector (LGMD), a neural network for looming stimuli detection that can be found in visual pathways of insects, such as locusts. Although a superior performance of the LGMD in the detection of intercepting objects has been shown in many collision avoiding scenarios, its direct integration with motion control is an unexplored topic.

Rectal perforation caused by deep infiltrating endometriosis in non-pregnant woman: Case report and short review of the literature.

Aim: The aim of this paper is to describe an unique case of deep infiltrating endometriosis of the rectum in non-pregnant woman with unusual clinical and pathological presentation resulting in spontaneous perforation.

Materials And Methods: A female (20 years of age) with a two year history of chronic recurrent abdominal pain of unknown etiology treated by a psychiatrist underwent diagnostic laparoscopy which revealed many peritoneal implants of endometriosis involving the right ovarian fossa, the vesico-uterine pouch and sacrouterine ligament; the bowel wall showed no structural abnormalities. Peritonectomy of the broad and uterosacral ligaments was used and eight days after the operation, the patient developed crampy abdominal pain and enterorrhagia necessitating laparoscopic revision; pelvic haematoma and rectosigmoiditis were found.

Cranial cruciate ligament structure in relation to the tibial plateau slope and intercondylar notch width in dogs.

Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture is one of the most common orthopedic conditions in dogs. The pathogenesis of CCL rupture is not fully described and remains to be elucidated fully. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the etiology of these changes.

An eight-year survey of the intestinal parasites of carnivores, hoofed mammals, primates, ratites and reptiles in the Ljubljana zoo in Slovenia.

Problems with parasitic infections and their interspecies transmissions are common in zoological gardens and could pose serious health damage to captive animals. This study presents results of eight-year monitoring of intestinal parasites in animals from Zoo Ljubljana, Slovenia. A total of 741 faecal samples from 40 animal species were collected two to four times per year and examined microscopically.

Development of olfactory epithelium and associated structures in the green iguana, -light and scanning electron microscopic study.

The ontogenesis of the nasal cavity has been described in many mammalian species. The situation is different with reptiles, despite the fact that they have become relatively common as pets. In this study we focused on the ontogenesis of the olfactory epithelium, as well as other types of epithelia in the nasal cavity of pre-hatched green iguanas ().

Light and scanning electron microscopy of the tongue of a degu (Octodon degus).

The tongue of an adult degu was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. It consists of an apex, corpus, and radix and contains a lingual prominence. The aim of this study was to describe the course of muscle fascicles of the proper lingual muscle, the presence and nature of the lingual salivary glands, and particularly the appearance and distribution of the lingual papillae.

The ethics of Google Earth: crossing thresholds from spatial data to landscape visualisation.

'Virtual globe' software systems such as Google Earth are growing rapidly in popularity as a way to visualise and share 3D environmental data. Scientists and environmental professionals, many of whom are new to 3D modeling and visual communications, are beginning routinely to use such techniques in their work. While the appeal of these techniques is evident, with unprecedented opportunities for public access to data and collaborative engagement over the web, are there nonetheless risks in their widespread usage when applied in areas of the public interest such as planning and policy-making? This paper argues that the Google Earth phenomenon, which features realistic imagery of places, cannot be dealt with only as a question of spatial data and geographic information science.