A Complex Oxide Containing Inherent Peroxide Ions for Catalyzing Oxygen Evolution Reactions in Acid.

Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers powered by sustainable energy represent a cutting-edge technology for renewable hydrogen generation, while slow anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics still remains a formidable obstacle that necessitates basic comprehension for facilitating electrocatalysts' design. Here, we report a low-iridium complex oxide LaSrIrO with a unique hexagonal structure consisting of isolated Ir(V)O octahedra and true peroxide O groups as a highly active and stable OER electrocatalyst under acidic conditions. Remarkably, LaSrIrO, containing 59 wt % less iridium relative to the benchmark IrO, shows about an order of magnitude higher mass activity, 6-folds higher intrinsic activity than the latter, and also surpasses the state-of-the-art Ir-based oxides ever reported.

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Sepsis in Adult Patients Meeting Two or More Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Criteria.

Introduction: Determining which patients who meet systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria have bacterial sepsis is a difficult challenge for emergency physicians. We sought to determine whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) could be used to exclude bacterial sepsis in adult patients who meet ≥2 SIRS criteria and are being evaluated for sepsis.

Methods: Consenting adult patients meeting ≥2 SIRS criteria and undergoing evaluation for sepsis were enrolled.

Spinel-Type Structured Phosphor Near-Infrared-II Emission: Intervalence Charge Transfer and Hetero-Valent Chromium Pairs.

Near-infrared (NIR) emitting phosphors draw much attention because they show great applicability and development prospects in many fields. Herein, a series of inverse spinel-type structured LiGaO phosphors with a high concentration of Cr activators is reported with a dual emission band covering NIR-I and II regions. Except for strong ionic exchange interactions such as Cr-Cr and Cr clusters, an intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) process between aggregated Cr ion pairs is proposed as the mechanism for the ~1210 nm NIR-II emission.

May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from South Africa.

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. In Sub-Saharan Africa, hypertension prevalence is higher and cardiovascular events occur at a younger age than in Europe or America. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign initiated by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) aimed at raising awareness of high BP.

Neurophysiologically Meaningful Motor Imagery EEG Simulation With Applications to Data Augmentation.

Motor imagery-based Brain-Computer Interfaces (MI-BCIs) have gained a lot of attention due to their potential usability in neurorehabilitation and neuroprosthetics. However, the accurate recognition of MI patterns in electroencephalography signals (EEG) is hindered by several data-related limitations, which restrict the practical utilization of these systems. Moreover, leveraging deep learning (DL) models for MI decoding is challenged by the difficulty of accessing user-specific MI-EEG data on large scales.

The gut virome is associated with stress-induced changes in behaviour and immune responses in mice.

The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been shown to play an important role in the stress response, but previous work has focused primarily on the role of the bacteriome. The gut virome constitutes a major portion of the microbiome, with bacteriophages having the potential to remodel bacteriome structure and activity. Here we use a mouse model of chronic social stress, and employ 16S rRNA and whole metagenomic sequencing on faecal pellets to determine how the virome is modulated by and contributes to the effects of stress.

Structural Distortion in the Wadsley-Roth Niobium Molybdenum Oxide Phase Triggering Extraordinarily Stable Battery Performance.

Wadsley-Roth niobium oxide phases have attracted extensive research interest recently as promising battery anodes. We have synthesized the niobium-molybdenum oxide shear phase (Nb, Mo) O with superior electrochemical Li-ion storage performance, including an ultralong cycling lifespan of at least 15000 cycles. During electrochemical cycling, a reversible single-phase solid-solution reaction with lithiated intermediate solid solutions is demonstrated using in situ X-ray diffraction, with the valence and short-range structural changes of the electrode probed by in situ Nb and Mo K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

Experimental dataset to assess the structural performance of cracked reinforced concrete using Digital Image Correlation techniques with fixed and moving cameras.

The infrastructure is in many countries aging and continuous maintenance is required to ensure the safety of the structures. For concrete structures, cracks are a part of the structure's life cycle. However, assessing the structural impact of cracks in reinforced concrete is a complex task.

High prevalence but lack of awareness of hypertension in South Africa, particularly among men and young adults.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in South Africa (SA) and high blood pressure (BP) is the primary risk factor. However, hypertension prevalence is high, BP control is poor and CV events occur at a younger age than in Europe or America. Increasing screening, raising awareness and improving management of hypertension are critical to prevent CVD in SA.

Invasive neurophysiology and whole brain connectomics for neural decoding in patients with brain implants.

Brain computer interfaces (BCI) provide unprecedented spatiotemporal precision that will enable significant expansion in how numerous brain disorders are treated. Decoding dynamic patient states from brain signals with machine learning is required to leverage this precision, but a standardized framework for identifying and advancing novel clinical BCI approaches does not exist. Here, we developed a platform that integrates brain signal decoding with connectomics and demonstrate its utility across 123 hours of invasively recorded brain data from 73 neurosurgical patients treated for movement disorders, depression and epilepsy.

(Mg,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni)O: A rocksalt high-entropy oxide containing divalent Mn and Fe.

High-entropy oxides (HEOs) have aroused growing interest due to fundamental questions relating to their structure formation, phase stability, and the interplay between configurational disorder and physical and chemical properties. Introducing Fe(II) and Mn(II) into a rocksalt HEO is considered challenging, as theoretical analysis suggests that they are unstable in this structure under ambient conditions. Here, we develop a bottom-up method for synthesizing Mn- and Fe-containing rocksalt HEO (FeO-HEO).

Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including esophageal, gastroesophageal junction, gastric, duodenal and distal small bowel, biliary tract, pancreatic, colon, rectal, and anal cancer, comprise a heterogeneous group of malignancies that impose a significant global burden. Immunotherapy has transformed the treatment landscape for several GI cancers, offering some patients durable responses and prolonged survival. Specifically, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) directed against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), either as monotherapies or in combination regimens, have gained tissue site-specific regulatory approvals for the treatment of metastatic disease and in the resectable setting.

Role of atrial natriuretic peptide in the dissociation between flow relations with ventricular mass and function in a community with volume-dependent hypertension.

Background: Whether differential effects of volume load on left ventricular mass (LVM) and function occur in sustained volume-dependent primary hypertension, and the impact of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on these effects, is unknown.

Methods: From aortic pressure, velocity and diameter measurements and echocardiography, we determined in an African community ( = 772), the impact of systemic flow-induced increases in central pulse pressure (PPc) and circulating ANP (ELISA) on LVM and indexes of function.

Results: Stroke volume (SV), but not aortic flow (Q), was associated with LVM and mean wall thickness (MWT) beyond stroke work and confounders ( < 0.

Deep net detection and onset prediction of electrographic seizure patterns in responsive neurostimulation.

Objective: Managing the progress of drug-resistant epilepsy patients implanted with the Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS) System requires the manual evaluation of hundreds of hours of intracranial recordings. The generation of these large amounts of data and the scarcity of experts' time for evaluation necessitate the development of automatic tools to detect intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) seizure patterns (iESPs) with expert-level accuracy. We developed an intelligent system for identifying the presence and onset time of iESPs in iEEG recordings from the RNS device.

Modulation of the gut microbiome with nisin.

Nisin is a broad spectrum bacteriocin used extensively as a food preservative that was identified in Lactococcus lactis nearly a century ago. We show that orally-ingested nisin survives transit through the porcine gastrointestinal tract intact (as evidenced by activity and molecular weight determination) where it impacts both the composition and functioning of the microbiota. Specifically, nisin treatment caused a reversible decrease in Gram positive bacteria, resulting in a reshaping of the Firmicutes and a corresponding relative increase in Gram negative Proteobacteria.

A supervised data-driven spatial filter denoising method for speech artifacts in intracranial electrophysiological recordings.

Neurosurgical procedures that enable direct brain recordings in awake patients offer unique opportunities to explore the neurophysiology of human speech. The scarcity of these opportunities and the altruism of participating patients compel us to apply the highest rigor to signal analysis. Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) signals recorded during overt speech can contain a speech artifact that tracks the fundamental frequency (F0) of the participant's voice, involving the same high-gamma frequencies that are modulated during speech production and perception.

Preparation of pyrite concentrate powder from the Thackaringa mine for quantitative phase analysis using X-ray diffraction.

The quantitative phase analysis using X-ray diffraction of pyrite ore concentrate samples extracted from the Thackaringa mine is problematic due to poor particle statistics, microabsorption and preferred orientation. The influence of sample preparation on these issues has been evaluated, with ball milling of the powder found most suitable for accurate and precise quantitative phase analysis. The milling duration and other aspects of sample preparation have been explored, resulting in accurate phase reflection intensities when particle sizes are below 5 µm.

Proximal aortic stiffness modifies the relationship between heart rate and backward wave and hence central arterial pulse pressure.

Aims: A lower heart rate (HR) increases central blood pressure through enhanced backward wave pressures (Pb). We aimed to determine whether these relationships are modified by increases in aortic stiffness.

Methods: Using non-invasive central pressure, aortic velocity and diameter measurements in the outflow tract (echocardiography), we assessed the impact of aortic stiffness on relationships between HR and arterial wave morphology in 603 community participants < 60 years of age, 221 ≥ 60 years, and in 287 participants with arterial events [stroke and critical limb ischemia (CLI)].

Attenuated Relationships Between Indexes of Volume Overload and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Uncontrolled, Sustained Volume-Dependent Primary Hypertension.

Background: Whether systolic blood pressure (SBP) control in sustained volume-dependent primary hypertension is associated with blunted ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) relationships with indexes of volume load is unknown.

Methods: Systemic hemodynamics (central pressure, echocardiographic aortic velocity and diameter measurements in the outflow tract), circulating ANP concentrations (ELISA assays) and glomerular and tubular function (24-hour urine collections [n=519]) were determined in a community of African ancestry (n=772).

Results: As compared with those with a controlled SBP, those with an uncontrolled SBP (n=198) showed lower ANP concentrations (<0.

scRNA-seq generates a molecular map of emerging cell subtypes after sciatic nerve injury in rats.

Patients with peripheral nerve injury, viral infection or metabolic disorder often suffer neuropathic pain due to inadequate pharmacological options for relief. Developing novel therapies has been challenged by incomplete mechanistic understanding of the cellular microenvironment in sensory nerve that trigger the emergence and persistence of pain. In this study, we report a high resolution transcriptomics map of the cellular heterogeneity of naïve and injured rat sensory nerve covering more than 110,000 individual cells.

Compound-heterozygous GRIN2A null variants associated with severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

We report on an 8-year-old girl with severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy due to the compound heterozygous null variants p.(Gln661*) and p.(Leu830Profs*2) in GRIN2A resulting in a knockout of the human GluN2A subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.

Contribution of Increases in Late Systolic Ejection Volume to the Impact of Heart Rate on Central Arterial Pulse Pressure in a Community Sample.

Background: A lower heart rate (HR) increases left ventricular (LV) ejection volume. Whether this contributes to the adverse effects of HR on central pulse pressure (PPc) through reservoir volume effects is uncertain.

Methods: Using noninvasive central pressure, aortic velocity, and diameter measurements in the outflow tract (echocardiography), we assessed the role of LV ejection volume as a determinant of HR relations with PPc in 824 community participants.

Clinical Features, Survival, and Burden of Toxicities in Survivors More Than One Year After Lung Cancer Immunotherapy.

Introduction: Anti-PD-(L)1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) improve survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC). The clinical features, survival, and burden of toxicities of patients with aNSCLC alive >1 year from ICI initiation are poorly understood.

Materials And Methods: We defined ICI survivors as patients alive >1 year after ICI start and retrospectively reviewed demographics, treatment, and immune-related adverse events (irAEs).