Functional Analysis of Promoters, mRNA Cleavage, and mRNA Secondary Structure on in .

The ESX-1 secretion system is critical for the virulence of as well as for conjugation in the saprophytic model . EsxB (CFP-10) and EsxA (ESAT-6) are secreted effectors required for the function of ESX-1 systems. While some transcription factors regulating the expression of and have been identified, little work has addressed their promoter structures or other determinants of their expression.

ChatGPT as a Support Tool for Informed Consent and Preoperative Patient Education Prior to Penile Prosthesis Implantation.

: Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly natural language processing (NLP) models such as ChatGPT, presents novel opportunities for patient education and informed consent. This study evaluated ChatGPT's use as a support tool for informed consent before penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) following radical prostatectomy. : ChatGPT-4 answered 20 frequently asked questions across four categories: ED and treatment, PPI surgery, complications, and postoperative care.

Prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and trichomoniasis among male and female general populations in sub-Saharan Africa from 2000-2024: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the highest sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence globally, but information about trends and geographic variation is limited by sparse aetiologic studies, particularly among men. This systematic review assessed chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and trichomoniasis prevalence by sex, sub-region, and year, and estimated male-to-female prevalence ratios for SSA.

Methods: We searched Embase, MEDLINE, Global Health, PubMed, and African Index Medicus for studies measuring STI prevalence among general populations from January 1, 2000, to September 17, 2024.

Deep learning enabled near-isotropic CAIPIRINHA VIBE in the nephrogenic phase improves image quality and renal lesion conspicuity.

Background: Deep learning (DL) accelerated controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA)-volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE), provides high spatial resolution T1-weighted imaging of the upper abdomen. We aimed to investigate whether DL-CAIPIRINHA-VIBE can improve image quality, vessel conspicuity, and lesion detectability compared to a standard CAIPIRINHA-VIBE in renal imaging at 3 Tesla.

Methods: In this prospective study, 50 patients with 23 solid and 45 cystic renal lesions underwent MRI with clinical MR sequences, including standard CAIPIRINHA-VIBE and DL-CAIPIRINHA-VIBE sequences in the nephrographic phase at 3 Tesla.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Impact of acetylsalicylic acid on perioperative bleeding complications in deceased donor kidney transplantation.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the perioperative outcomes and complications associated with the use of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in deceased donor kidney transplantation (KTX), with a particular focus on bleeding events.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 157 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who underwent KTX at Charité Berlin, Department for Urology, between February 2014 and December 2017. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with ASA in their preoperative medication (Group A, n = 59) and patients without ASA use (Group B, n = 98).

(Mis)estimation of the modal number of desired sexual partners.

Misperceptions of the social world can lead to actions and social policy that are detrimental to an individual's or group's well-being. Here we investigate whether misperceptions arise when participants make predictions of the modal number of ideal future sexual partners reported by heterosexual cohorts (younger cohort: 18-23 years; older cohort: 24-29 years). For both men and women and in both cohorts, the modal number of reported partners equaled 1.

Between scents and sterols: Cyclization of labdane-related diterpenes as model systems for enzymatic control of carbocation cascades.

The citrus scent arises from the volatile monoterpene limonene, whose cyclic nature can be viewed as a miniaturized form of the poly-cyclic sterol triterpenoids. In particular, as these rings are all formed from poly-isoprenyl precursors via carbocation cascades. However, the relevant reactions are initiated by distinct mechanisms, either lysis/ionization of an allylic diphosphate ester bond, as in limonene synthases, or protonation of a terminal olefin or epoxide, as in lanosterol synthases.

Lower risk of revision in fixed-bearing compared to mobile-bearing total ankle arthroplasties: A register based evaluation of 1246 patients in the Netherlands.

Background: Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) has been developed as treatment for disabling tibiotalar osteoarthritis. TAAs are divided into mobile- and fixed-bearings. The aim was to determine the incidence and trends of fixed- and mobile bearings over time and investigate the association of bearing type and risk of revision after primary TAA in the Netherlands.

Recommendations for the optimal introduction of novel antibiotics to treat uncomplicated gonorrhoea in the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance: a case study with zoliflodacin.

New, first-in-class oral antibiotics like zoliflodacin, developed in a public-private partnership, require an optimal introduction strategy while ensuring antibiotic stewardship. Zoliflodacin, given as a single dose for uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhoea, recently demonstrated non-inferiority to ceftriaxone plus azithromycin and safety in a phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Following regulatory approval, zoliflodacin could improve sexually transmitted infection (STI) management and help address the threat of untreatable gonorrhoea, as levels of resistance to current first-line treatments increase.

Cost-effectiveness of Oral Immunotherapy for Egg Allergy According to Age of Therapy Commencement.

Background: Egg oral immunotherapy (OIT) can induce desensitization or remission of egg allergy in children.

Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of OIT for raw egg allergy in school-age children compared with egg avoidance, and the most cost-effective age at which to commence treatment.

Methods: A decision-analytic Markov model estimated the health and cost outcomes of 1,000 children aged 4 years with egg allergy, comparing different ages of OIT commencement (ages 4-12, inclusive) versus ongoing egg avoidance.

Pharmacogenetic and microRNA mechanisms of beta blocker use on bone.

Motivated by studies showing an association between beta blocker (BB) use and positive bone outcomes, a pilot randomized control trial (RCT) was performed at the Mayo Clinic which randomized postmenopausal women to placebo, propranolol (40 or 80 mg twice daily), atenolol (50 mg/day), or nebivolol (5 mg/day) to determine changes in bone turnover markers (BTMs) and in bone mineral density (BMD) over 20 weeks. Pharmacogenetic effects and microRNA-mediated mechanisms involving beta adrenergic receptor and related genes have previously been found. We sought to validate these effects and discover new candidates in an ancillary study to the pilot clinical trial.

Kidney transplantation in patients with polycystic kidney disease: increased risk of infection does not compromise graft and patient survival.

Background: Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) represent >10% of patients awaiting kidney transplantation. These patients are prone to potentially severe urinary tract (UTI) and liver cyst infections after transplantation. Whether such infections compromise outcome is unclear.

NOISe: Nuclei-Aware Osteoclast Instance Segmentation for Mouse-to-Human Domain Transfer.

Osteoclast cell image analysis plays a key role in osteoporosis research, but it typically involves extensive manual image processing and hand annotations by a trained expert. In the last few years, a handful of machine learning approaches for osteoclast image analysis have been developed, but none have addressed the full instance segmentation task required to produce the same output as that of the human expert led process. Furthermore, none of the prior, fully automated algorithms have publicly available code, pretrained models, or annotated datasets, inhibiting reproduction and extension of their work.

High recent PrEP adherence with point-of-care urine tenofovir testing and adherence counselling among young African women: results from the INSIGHT cohort.

Introduction: Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) account for two-thirds of new HIV infections in Africa. African AGYW have had high uptake of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) but low adherence, which might be improved by point-of-care adherence monitoring with tailored counselling.

Methods: From August 2022 to July 2023, we conducted a PrEP demonstration project with sexually active AGYW ages 16-30 years from 20 sites in South Africa, Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Uganda and Zambia.

Trophic ecology of groundfishes in nearshore areas of the Gulf of Maine.

Ecosystem management requires an integrated understanding of ecological interactions. In the Gulf of Maine (GoM), trophic information pertaining to commercially important groundfishes and nearshore prey communities is lacking. We characterized nearshore communities and groundfish diets using data collected from nearshore surveys (864 bottom trawls and 3638 stomach samples of six groundfish species) conducted biannually (spring and fall) in Midcoast Maine and Penobscot Bay from 2012 to 2022.

Comparison of Perioperative Outcomes of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate for Standard (≤149 ml) Versus Very Large (≥150 ml) Prostate Glands: Retrospective Analysis of a Propensity Score Matched Cohort of 326 Patients.

Background And Objective: Our objective was to evaluate whether a very large prostate volume significantly affects the incidence of perioperative complications and compromises outcomes among patients undergoing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data for 1815 adult patients who underwent HoLEP at Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Berlin, between January 2019 and May 2024. Patients were divided into two groups according to their prostate volume: ≤149 ml (group A) and ≥150 ml (group B).

A Forgotten Millstone: Denialism and Child Abuse in the Christian Church.

Christianity was founded on the teachings of Jesus, whose words emphasize protecting and honoring children. Jesus' teachings are historically unique for the period with his emphasis on safeguarding children, but the church moved away from this focus. First century Christianity adopted protections for children and harsh consequences for those who would abuse a child.

Asian birth cohort studies on allergic diseases: The A2BC network initiative.

The Asia Allergy Birth Cohort (A2BC) network consolidates data from multiple independently established birth cohorts across Asia to enhance research on host-environment interactions in allergic diseases. These cohorts, established at different times with various methodologies, are reliable data sources. Our aim is to introduce the content, variables, and outcomes of these cohorts while highlighting their differences, laying the groundwork for future collaborative research.

The Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Association Between 24-Hour Movement Behavior Compositions With Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in 6-Year-Old Children.

Background: Few studies have examined the association between 24-hour movement behaviors and health in children in their first 2 years of primary school. This study aimed to examine how 24-hour movement behavior compositions at age 6 were related to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms at ages 6 and 10.

Methods: A subsample of 361 children from the HealthNuts cohort study with valid accelerometer data was included in the cross-sectional analysis.

Unmet Needs of Children and Young Adults With ADHD: Insights From Key Stakeholders on Priorities for Stigma Reduction.

Introduction: Individuals with ADHD continue to face stigma, which can negatively impact their access to, adherence to, and quality of mental health services, as well as their overall wellbeing. Perspectives of various stakeholders regarding priorities for stigma reduction remain underexplored. This study explores young adult, parent, teacher, and mental health care professional perspectives on unmet needs of children and young adults with ADHD in the Netherlands, in the context of stigma reduction.