Predicting Future Utilization Using Self-Reported Health and Health Conditions in a Longitudinal Cohort Study: Implications for Health Insurance Decision Support.

Decision support techniques and online algorithms aim to help individuals predict costs and facilitate their choice of health insurance coverage. Self-reported health status (SHS), whereby patients rate their own health, could improve cost-prediction estimates without requiring individuals to share personal health information or know about undiagnosed conditions. We compared the predictive accuracy of several models: (1) SHS only, (2) a "basic" model adding health-related variables, and (3) a "full" model adding measures of healthcare access.

Daily Use of Biologic Indicators in General Dental Practice.

Objectives: In most North American jurisdictions, guidelines for use of biologic indicators (BIs) in general dental practice have recommended testing at least weekly. However, in 2011, Alberta mandated a change to daily testing, and other provinces have adopted similar protocols. This study of general dental practices in Alberta assessed factors related to implementation of the changed requirement.

Psychosocial factors associated with genetic testing status among African American women with ovarian cancer: Results from the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study.

Background: Racial disparities in the uptake of cancer genetic services are well documented among African American (AA) women. Understanding the multiple social and psychological factors that can influence the uptake of genetic testing among AA women is needed.

Methods: Data came from 270 AA women diagnosed with ovarian cancer and participating in a population-based, case-control study of ovarian cancer who were asked about genetic testing.

Exploring a model nuclear planning and response program: Evaluating public awareness of written risk and emergency.

High-reliability organizations (HROs) including commercial airlines, the NASA Space Shuttle engineering team, US Naval aircraft carrier and nuclear submarine crews, and US nuclear power plants are relatively safe. However, these organizations experience system breakdowns often with catastrophic outcomes. This study focuses on risk information management strategies employed by a nuclear energy power plant located within 10 miles of a population center.

Money matters (especially if you are good at math): Numeracy, verbal intelligence, education, and income in satisfaction judgments.

Objective numeracy, the ability to understand and use mathematical concepts, has been related to superior decisions and life outcomes. Unknown is whether it relates to greater satisfaction in life. We investigated numeracy's relations with income satisfaction and overall life satisfaction in a diverse sample of 5,525 American adults.

Age declines in numeracy: An analysis of longitudinal data.

Numeracy, the ability to understand and use basic probability and numerical concepts, is associated with diverse positive outcomes across the lifespan. Prior cross-sectional research on numeracy has generally found a negative association with age, but positive correlations with male gender, education attainment, and measures of fluid and crystallized intelligence have been more robust. Age effects on cognitive functioning are well established, but little is known about longitudinal trends of numeracy into older age.

Appraising clinical applicability of studies: mapping and synthesis of current frameworks, and proposal of the FrACAS framework and VICORT checklist.

Background: Not all research findings are translated to clinical practice. Reasons for lack of applicability are varied, and multiple frameworks and criteria exist to appraise the general applicability of epidemiological and clinical research. In this two-part study, we identify, map, and synthesize frameworks and criteria; we develop a framework to assist clinicians to appraise applicability specifically from a clinical perspective.

Systematic Review of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery in Patients Undergoing Cranial Surgery.

Background: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) pathways are increasingly being integrated in neurosurgical patient management. The full extent of ERAS in cranial surgery is not well studied. We performed a systematic review examining ERAS in cranial surgery patients to 1) identify the extent to which ERAS is integrated in cranial neurosurgical procedures and 2) assess effectiveness of ERAS interventions for patients undergoing these procedures.

Pharmacokinetics of cannabichromene in a medical cannabis product also containing cannabidiol and Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol: a pilot study.

Purpose: Cannabichromene (CBC) is a phytocannabinoid commonly found in cannabis, yet its acute post-dose pharmacokinetics (PK) have not been examined in humans. This is a secondary data analysis from a trial investigating Spectrum Yellow oil, an oral cannabis product used for medical purposes that contained 20 mg cannabidiol (CBD), 0.9 mg Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and 1.

Univariate classification of phosphine ligation state and reactivity in cross-coupling catalysis.

Chemists often use statistical analysis of reaction data with molecular descriptors to identify structure-reactivity relationships, which can enable prediction and mechanistic understanding. In this study, we developed a broadly applicable and quantitative classification workflow that identifies reactivity cliffs in 11 Ni- and Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling datasets using monodentate phosphine ligands. A distinctive ligand steric descriptor, minimum percent buried volume [% (min)], is found to divide these datasets into active and inactive regions at a similar threshold value.

You read my mind: fMRI markers of threatening appraisals in people with persistent psychotic experiences.

Anomalous perceptual experiences are relatively common in the general population. Evidence indicates that the key to distinguishing individuals with persistent psychotic experiences (PEs) with a need for care from those without is how they appraise their anomalous experiences. Here, we aimed to characterise the neural circuits underlying threatening and non-threatening appraisals in people with and without a need for care for PEs, respectively.

Ability-related political polarization in the COVID-19 pandemic.

In two large-scale longitudinal datasets (combined  = 5761), we investigated ability-related political polarization in responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We observed more polarization with greater ability in emotional responses, risk perceptions, and product-purchase intentions across five waves of data collection with a diverse, convenience sample from February 2020 through July 2020 (Study 1,  = 1267). Specifically, more liberal participants had more negative emotional responses and greater risk perceptions of COVID-19 than conservative participants.

Establishing community reference samples, data and call sets for benchmarking cancer mutation detection using whole-genome sequencing.

The lack of samples for generating standardized DNA datasets for setting up a sequencing pipeline or benchmarking the performance of different algorithms limits the implementation and uptake of cancer genomics. Here, we describe reference call sets obtained from paired tumor-normal genomic DNA (gDNA) samples derived from a breast cancer cell line-which is highly heterogeneous, with an aneuploid genome, and enriched in somatic alterations-and a matched lymphoblastoid cell line. We partially validated both somatic mutations and germline variants in these call sets via whole-exome sequencing (WES) with different sequencing platforms and targeted sequencing with >2,000-fold coverage, spanning 82% of genomic regions with high confidence.

Toward best practice in cancer mutation detection with whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing.

Clinical applications of precision oncology require accurate tests that can distinguish true cancer-specific mutations from errors introduced at each step of next-generation sequencing (NGS). To date, no bulk sequencing study has addressed the effects of cross-site reproducibility, nor the biological, technical and computational factors that influence variant identification. Here we report a systematic interrogation of somatic mutations in paired tumor-normal cell lines to identify factors affecting detection reproducibility and accuracy at six different centers.

[S1 Guideline Post-COVID/Long-COVID].

The German Society of Pneumology initiated the AWMFS1 guideline Post-COVID/Long-COVID. In a broad interdisciplinary approach, this S1 guideline was designed based on the current state of knowledge.The clinical recommendation describes current post-COVID/long-COVID symptoms, diagnostic approaches, and therapies.

Amyloid- disrupts unitary calcium entry through endothelial NMDA receptors in mouse cerebral arteries.

Transient increases in intracellular Ca activate endothelium-dependent vasodilatory pathways. This process is impaired in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, where amyloid- accumulates around blood vessels. In neurons, amyloid- impairs the Ca-permeable N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a mediator of endothelium-dependent dilation in arteries.

Networks underpinning emotion: A systematic review and synthesis of functional and effective connectivity.

Existing models of emotion processing are based almost exclusively on brain activation data, yet make assumptions about network connectivity. There is a need to integrate connectivity findings into these models. We systematically reviewed all studies of functional and effective connectivity employing tasks to investigate negative emotion processing and regulation in healthy participants.

Support for legislative, technological, and organizational strategies to reduce cellphone use while driving: Psychological predictors and influences of language.

Objective: A large body of research has established that cellphone use while driving (CUWD) is common and dangerous. However, little research has been conducted about how people react psychologically to various distraction-reduction strategies and, ultimately, support or do not support them. Understanding support for reduction is important for predicting use of technological solutions and compliance with laws and for improving communication and education about the risks of CUWD.

Substantial Lymphovascular Space Invasion Is an Adverse Prognostic Factor in High-Risk Endometrial Cancer.

Approximately 15% of patients with endometrial cancer present with high-risk disease (HREC). Moreover, assessing the extent of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) may provide prognostic insight among patients with HREC. The aim of this study was to determine whether the extent of LVSI can serve as a prognostic factor in HREC.

Pulmonary injury and oxidative stress in rats induced by inhaled sulfur mustard is ameliorated by anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibody.

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a bifunctional alkylating agent that causes severe injury to the respiratory tract. This is accompanied by an accumulation of macrophages in the lung and the release of the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α. In these studies, we analyzed the effects of blocking TNFα on lung injury, inflammation and oxidative stress induced by inhaled SM.

Durability of mRNA-1273 vaccine-induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutations may diminish vaccine-induced protective immune responses, particularly as antibody titers wane over time. Here, we assess the effect of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.