Setting Goals to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk: A Retrospective Chart Review of a Pharmacist-Led Initiative in the Workplace.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the second leading cause of death in Canada with many modifiable risk factors. Pharmacists at a Canadian university delivered a novel CVD risk management program, which included goal-setting and medication management. This study aimed to describe what CVD prevention goals are composed of in a workplace CVD risk reduction program, and how might these goals change over time.

Barriers to adult vaccination in Canada: A qualitative systematic review.

Background: In recent years, Canadian health care professionals have observed an increase in vaccine refusal. The objective of this study is to review published literature and identify the main themes related to vaccine hesitancy and barriers to vaccination in Canadian adults and recent immigrants.

Methods: A qualitative systematic review was performed.

Perspectives and experiences with telepharmacy among pharmacists in Canada: A cross-sectional survey.

Objective: This study aims to understand Canadian pharmacists' use, experiences, and perspectives of telepharmacy.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey. Individuals were eligible to participate if they were currently a registered, licensed pharmacist practicing in Canada.

Medications and risk of motor vehicle collision responsibility in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based case-control study.

Background: Many medications impair driving skills yet their influence on collision risk remains uncertain. We aimed to systematically investigate the risk of collision responsibility associated with common classes of prescription medications.

Methods: In this population-based case-control study we analysed linked driving and health records in British Columbia, Canada from Jan 1, 1997, to Dec 31, 2016.

Preventable adverse drug events causing hospitalisation: identifying root causes and developing a surveillance and learning system at an urban community hospital, a cross-sectional observational study.

Objectives: To identify root causes of preventable adverse drug events (pADEs) contributing to hospital admission; to develop key messages which identify actions patients/families and healthcare providers can take to prevent common pADEs found; to develop a surveillance learning system for the community.

Methods: Cross-sectional observational study; 120 patients and families, 61 associated healthcare providers were interviewed then root cause analysis was performed to develop key learning messages and an electronic reporting tool was designed. Most common pADE-related medical conditions and their root causes and most common pADE root causes of entire cohort are reported.

Pharmacist-led cardiovascular risk prevention in Western Canada: a qualitative study.

Objectives: Preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is a public health and policy priority, including for employers. A novel CVD risk management programme that included medication management was delivered by pharmacists to employees of a Canadian university. This qualitative study describes the experiences and perceptions of participants who received individual health consultations in this programme.

Work Productivity Losses and Associated Risk Factors Among University Employees in the CAMMPUS Wellness Program.

Objective: The aim of this study was to comprehensively measure work productivity losses of employees enrolled in a pharmacist-led wellness program and assess associated risk factors.

Methods: The study sample was employees at least 18 years old with a Framingham Risk Score (FRS) at least 10% or 1+ medication-modifiable cardiovascular risk factor (196 participants at baseline and 166 at 12-month endpoint). Total work hour losses (WHL) were measured using the Valuation of Lost Productivity questionnaire.

Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in the Workplace With CAMMPUS (Cardiovascular Assessment and Medication Management by Pharmacists at the UBC Site).

Background: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a leading cause of death despite being largely preventable. Employers increasingly offer preventive health programs in the workplace, and pharmacists are well suited to provide these programs.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-led service on CV risk in University of British Columbia (UBC) employees.

Intranasal Lidocaine for Acute Management of Primary Headaches: A Systematic Review.

Intranasal lidocaine has been studied and recommended as an alternative in the management of acute headache. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intranasal lidocaine in the acute management of primary headaches. The MEDLINE (1946 to May 2018), EMBASE (1974 to May 2018), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2008 to May 2018), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (1982 to May 2018), and ClincialTrials.

Intravenous cefazolin plus oral probenecid versus oral cephalexin for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections: a double-blind, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to determine if cephalexin 500 mg orally four times daily was non-inferior to cefazolin 2 g intravenously daily plus probenecid 1 g orally daily in the management of patients with uncomplicated mild-moderate skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) presenting to the ED.

Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, double dummy-blind, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial conducted at two tertiary care teaching hospitals in Canada. Patients were enrolled if they presented to the ED with an uncomplicated SSTI, and randomly assigned in a 1:1 fashion to oral cephalexin or intravenous cefazolin plus oral probenecid for up to 7 days.

Emergency department procedural sedation for primary electrical cardioversion - a comparison with procedural sedations for other reasons.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia treated in the emergency department (ED), with primary electrical cardioversion (PEC) the preferred method of rhythm control. Anecdotally, patients undergoing ED procedural sedation (EDPS) for PEC differ from those requiring EDPS for other procedures: they are at higher risk of adverse events, and require fewer drugs and lower doses. We attempt to verify this using an EDPS registry at a Canadian, tertiary care teaching hospital.

Capnography versus standard monitoring for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia.

Background: Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) is used frequently in the emergency department (ED) to facilitate painful procedures and interventions. Capnography, a monitoring modality widely used in operating room and endoscopy suite settings, is being used more frequently in the ED setting with the goal of reducing cardiopulmonary adverse events. As opposed to settings outside the ED, there is currently no consensus on whether the addition of capnography to standard monitoring modalities reduces adverse events in the ED setting.

Learner : preceptor ratios for practice-based learning across health disciplines: a systematic review.

Context: Practice-based learning is a cornerstone of developing clinical and professional competence in health disciplines. Practice-based learning systems have many interacting components, but a key facet is the number of learners per preceptor. Different learner : preceptor ratios may have unique benefits and pose unique challenges for participants.

End-tidal capnometry during emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia: a randomized, controlled study.

Background: This prospective, randomized trial was undertaken to evaluate the utility of adding end-tidal capnometry (ETC) to pulse oximetry (PO) in patients undergoing procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: The patients were randomized to monitoring with or without ETC in addition to the current standard of care. Primary endpoints included respiratory adverse events, with secondary endpoints of level of sedation, hypotension, other PSA-related adverse events and patient satisfaction.