Deferiprone-Gallium-Protoporphyrin Chitogel Decreases Biofilm Infection without Impairing Wound Healing.

is one of the most common pathogens encountered in clinical wound infections. Clinical studies have shown that infection results in a larger wound area, inhibiting healing, and a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Hydroxypyridinone-derived iron chelator Deferiprone (Def) and heme analogue Gallium-Protoporphyrin (GaPP) in a chitosan-dextran hydrogel (Chitogel) have previously been demonstrated to be effective against PAO1 and clinical isolates of in vitro.

Staphylococcal protein A modulates inflammation by inducing interferon signaling in human nasal epithelial cells.

Objective And Design: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the leading causes of human respiratory tract infections. The function of Staphylococcal protein A (SpA), expressed on the S.

Remote Training of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery With Advanced Manufactured 3D Sinus Models and a Telemedicine System.

Traditionally, cadaveric courses have been an important tool in surgical education for Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS). The recent COVID-19 pandemic, however, has had a significant global impact on such courses due to its travel restrictions, social distancing regulations, and infection risk. Here, we report the world-first remote (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery) FESS training course between Japan and Australia, utilizing novel 3D-printed sinus models.

The Use of Postoperative Antibiotics Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Endoscopic sinus surgery is performed for medically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. There is no universally accepted strategy regarding post-operative antibiotics despite the high rates of usage worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyse patient-reported and objective outcomes behind antibiotic use following endoscopic sinus surgery.

Staphylococcus aureus biofilm exoproteins are cytotoxic to human nasal epithelial barrier in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis patients (CRS) suffer from chronic inflammation of the sinus mucosa associated with chronic relapsing infections. Mucosal biofilms, associated with Staphylococcus aureus, have been implicated as a cause. We compared the effect of exoproteins secreted from clinical isolates of S aureus from CRS patients in planktonic and biofilm form on the nasal epithelial barrier.

A Novel Rat Model to Test Intra-Abdominal Anti-adhesive Therapy.

Adhesion formation after abdominal surgery is considered almost inevitable and a major cause of morbidity. Novel treatments have been proposed, however there is a lack of suitable small animal models for pre-clinical evaluation, mainly due to inconsistency in adhesion formation in positive control animals. Here, we propose a new rat model of abdominal adhesions using Kaolin as the adhesion-inducing agent at an optimized dosage for testing newer agents in respect to their anti-adhesive property.

In vitro safety evaluation of a povidone-iodine solution applied to human nasal epithelial cells.

Background: Nasal topical treatments can provide an effective method of disease control for patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, some frequently used formulations lack adequate evaluation on their safety. This study investigated the effect of 0.

Endoscopic Fluorescence-Guided Surgery for Sinonasal Cancer Using an Antibody-Dye Conjugate.

Objective: Endoscopic resection of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma has become the standard of care, but challenges remain in obtaining clear resection margins. The current study evaluated the feasibility of endoscopic fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) to improve surgical resection in a human sinus surgical model.

Methods: A fluorescence endoscope optimized for near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence detection was evaluated in a phantom study.

Extent of maxillary sinus surgery and its effect on instrument access, irrigation penetration, and disease clearance.

Background: Middle meatal antrostomy (MMA) provides limited access to the anteromedial and inferior aspect of the maxillary sinus (MS) often resulting in residual disease and inflammatory burden. Newer extended procedures, such as mega-antrostomy (Mega-A) and extended modified mega-antrostomy (EMMA), have been developed to address this limitation. This study assesses the effect of varying extent of MS surgery on irrigation penetration and access of instrumentation.

-Induced Barrier Disruption Correlates With Elastase Activity and Marks Chronic Rhinosinusitis Severity.

causes severe chronic respiratory diseases and is associated with recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). exoproteins contain virulence factors and play important roles in the pathogenicity of , however their role in CRS pathophysiology remains unknown. We isolated clinical isolates (CIs) and obtained clinical information from 21 CRS patients.

Endoscopic transnasal repair of two cases of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula in the foramen rotundum.

We report two female patients aged 16 and 33 who presented with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea. Beta-2 transferrin was positive in both cases. Initial high-resolution CT showed fluid in the maxillary sinus but no obvious bony defect.

Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyps Is Characterized by Increased Mucosal and Blood Th17 Effector Cytokine Producing Cells.

Recent studies have implied a role for Th17 cells in CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients. However, the capacity of these cells to produce Th17 cytokines is still unknown. Here we sought to quantify IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22 cytokines produced by Th17 cells in mucosal tissue and peripheral blood of CRSwNP, CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and control patients.

Reduced Innate Immune Response to a Small Colony Variant Compared to Its Wild-Type Parent Strain.

small colony variants (SCVs) can survive within the host intracellular milieu and are associated with chronic relapsing infections. However, it is unknown whether host invasion rates and immune responses differ between SCVs and their wild-type counterparts. This study used a stable SCV (WCH-SK2) developed from a clinical isolate (WCH-SK2) in inflammation-relevant conditions.

The International Classification of the radiological Complexity (ICC) of frontal recess and frontal sinus.

Background: The frontal sinus is considered the most challenging sinus to address surgically. There are no current classifications of the degree of surgical complexity of different frontal sinus configurations. The aim of this study is to develop a classification system of the degree of complexity of frontal recess surgery based on preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans.

Factors impacting cerebrospinal fluid leak rates in endoscopic sellar surgery.

Background: In patients undergoing transnasal endoscopic sellar surgery, an analysis of risk factors and predictors of intraoperative and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF) would provide important prognostic information.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients undergoing endoscopic sellar surgery for pituitary adenomas or craniopharyngiomas between 2002 and 2014 at 7 international centers was performed. Demographic, comorbidity, and tumor characteristics were evaluated to determine the associations between intraoperative and postoperative CSF leaks.

Safety and Efficacy of Chitosan-Dextran Hydrogel in the Middle Ear in an Animal Model.

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of chitosan-dextran hydrogel (CDH) in preventing postoperative adhesions between the tympanic membrane (TM) and intratympanic structures, and to evaluate its ototoxicity in an animal study.

Methods: In the first step, ototoxicity was evaluated with 7 male albino guinea pigs (GPs) via auditory brainstem responses (ABR) before and 4 weeks after unilateral intratympanic injection of CDH and saline solution contralaterally. In the second step, 12 GPs underwent bilateral ear surgery.

Successful repair of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks improves outcomes in endoscopic skull base surgery.

Background: The impact of failed cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF) leak repair in endoscopic skull base surgery has not been adequately studied.

Methods: In this investigation we reviewed patients who had undergone endoscopic skull base surgery between 2002 and 2014 at 7 international centers. Demographic variables, comorbidities, tumor characteristics, and repair techniques were evaluated to determine association with successful repair of CSF leak.

TLR response pathways in NuLi-1 cells and primary human nasal epithelial cells.

The present study describes and compares functional properties of Nuli-1 cells and primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) including TLR expression and function. Differences in gene expression were identified for non-TLR genes that play a role in TLR response pathways. However, experiments comparing TLR gene expression for both Nuli-1 cells and HNECs indicated conserved expression in both cell types.

Anatomical landmarks of the lateral nasal wall: implications for endonasal lacrimal surgery.

Purpose Of Review: An accurate understanding of the anatomy of the lateral nasal wall is key to achieving complete exposure of the lacrimal sac during endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EnDCR) and the avoidance of complications such as basal skull fracture and orbital fat prolapse. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the clinical and cadaveric anatomical studies of the lateral nasal wall to date and their application to endonasal lacrimal surgery.

Recent Findings: The maxillary line and the axilla of the middle turbinate are the major landmarks commonly utilized by lacrimal surgeons to localize the lacrimal sac.

The Frequency of Concomitant Adjunctive Nasal Procedures in Powered Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy.

Purpose: To assess the frequency of concomitant adjunctive nasal procedures performed in powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR).

Methods: Retrospective review of 269 consecutive powered endoscopic DCR's performed in 202 patients over a period of 10 years from 2003 to 2013. Patient records were reviewed for demographic data, clinical profiles and surgical notes.

The Dacryocystorhinostomy Ostium Granulomas: Classification, Indications for Treatment, Management Modalities and Outcomes.

Aim: Ostium granulomas following dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) have not been studied in detail previously. This study aims to classify the DCR-related granulomas based on their ostial locations and to assess the outcomes of their management.

Methods: A retrospective consecutive case series of 47 ostial granulomas evaluated over a period of 2 years were included in this study.

Characterization of the in vivo host response to a bi-labeled chitosan-dextran based hydrogel for postsurgical adhesion prevention.

In developing a chitosan/dextran-based (CD) hydrogel as an adhesion prevention postsurgical aid, the in vivo biodegradation rate, biodistribution, and inflammatory response are important parameters to the biomedical device design. Herein, for the first time, a CD hydrogel was prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of a near infrared (NIR) labeled succinylated chitosan (SC) and tritiated [(3) H] oxidized dextran (DA). The biodegradation and biodistribution of the NIR/[(3) H]-CD hydrogel was tracked noninvasively using NIR fluorescence imaging, and by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) of organs/tissues after subcutaneous injection in BALB/c mice.

Dacryocystorhinostomy ostium: parameters to evaluate and DCR ostium scoring.

Aim: This study aims to provide a systematic protocol for the evaluation of a dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) ostium and to propose a scoring system to standardize the assessment.

Methods: Retrospective evaluation of 125 consecutive lacrimal ostia post-DCR was performed. Medical records were screened, and photographs and videos were assessed to note the details of various ostial parameters.

Outcomes in primary powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy: comparison between experienced versus less experienced surgeons.

Background: This study compares the anatomic and functional outcomes of primary powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in surgeons of differing levels of experience.

Methods: A retrospective interventional study was performed of all consecutive powered endoscopic DCRs performed at a tertiary institution over a period of 10 years from 2002 to 2012. All patients completed a minimum of 3 months follow-up after stent removal.