Os calcaneus secundarius, a relevant differential diagnosis to fracture or pseudarthrosis of processus anterior of the calcaneus: a CT morphologic description.

Purpose: A fracture or a pseudarthrosis of the processus anterior calcanei (PAC) as well as a traumatized Os calcaneus secundarius (OCS) is often overlooked. A clinical or conventional radiological differentiation of these is uncertain. Therefore, a CT scan is recommended.

[Multicentric analysis of the use behavior of cochlear implant users].

Introduction: Novel cochlear implant speech processors are capable of storing data logs. With the help of this information a more individualized patient care can be provided. However, standard data are missing to a greater extent to the individual usage behavior.

Stent-Assisted Coiling of Ruptured and Incidental Aneurysms of the Intracranial Circulation Using Moderately Flow-Redirecting, Braided Leo Stents-Initial Experience in 39 Patients.

Background: Flow diversion (FD)-a young technique using stents with highly increased surface coverage-was introduced to treat complex aneurysms without intra-aneurysmal material placement and has amended the spectrum of endovascular techniques such as stent-assisted coil occlusion considerably. However, ischemic complications, a common side effect in FD, occur more frequently compared with the conventional endovascular approaches and certainly limit the indication of this technique. Our study aimed to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of stent-assisted coiling using low profile self-expandable stents, which exhibit only moderate flow-redirecting properties and therefore represent a combination of hemodynamic endovascular and occlusive endosaccular therapy.

Cardiac Hematological Malignancies: Typical Growth Patterns, Imaging Features, and Clinical Outcome.

Cardiac hematological malignancies (CHMs) are rare entities and comprise lymphoma, leukemic infiltration, and extramedullary manifestation of multiple myeloma. The aim of this work is to summarize typical growth patterns, imaging features, and outcome parameters of CHM. Overall, 12 cases from 4 centers were reviewed retrospectively together with 604 cases from the literature.

Systemic air embolism after endoscopy without vessel injury - A summary of reported cases.

Introduction: Systemic air embolism (SAE) is a rare but serious complication following endoscopic procedures. It may occur with or without direct vessel injury. The aim of this work is to review cases of SAE following endoscopy without proven vessel injury.

Correlations of Ventricular Enlargement with Rheologically Active Surfactant Proteins in Cerebrospinal Fluid.

: Surfactant proteins (SPs) are involved in the regulation of rheological properties of body fluids. Concentrations of SPs are altered in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of hydrocephalus patients. The common hallmark of hydrocephalus is enlargement of the brain ventricles.

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Using a Readout-Segmented, Multishot EPI Sequence at 3 T Distinguishes between Morphologically Differentiated and Undifferentiated Subtypes of Thyroid Carcinoma-A Preliminary Study.

Background: Thyroid carcinomas represent the most frequent endocrine malignancies. Recent studies were able to distinguish malignant from benign nodules of the thyroid gland with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Although this differentiation is undoubtedly helpful, presurgical discrimination between well-differentiated and undifferentiated carcinomas would be crucial to define the optimal treatment algorithm.

Careful treatment planning enables safe ablation of liver tumors adjacent to major blood vessels by percutaneous irreversible electroporation (IRE).

Background: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a tissue ablation method, which relies on the phenomenon of electroporation. When cells are exposed to a sufficiently electric field, the plasma membrane is disrupted and cells undergo an apoptotic or necrotic cell death. Although heating effects are known IRE is considered as non-thermal ablation technique and is currently applied to treat tumors in locations where thermal ablation techniques are contraindicated.

Dopamine D1-like receptor signalling in the hippocampus and amygdala modulates the acquisition of contextual fear conditioning.

Rationale: Dopamine D1-like receptor signalling is involved in contextual fear conditioning, but the brain regions involved and its role in other contextual fear memory processes remain unclear.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate (1) the effects of SCH 23390, a dopamine D1/D5 receptor antagonist, on contextual fear memory encoding, retrieval and reconsolidation, and (2) if the effects of SCH 23390 on conditioning involve the dorsal hippocampus (DH) and/or basolateral amygdala (BLA).

Methods: Rats were used to examine the effects of systemically administering SCH 23390 on the acquisition, consolidation, retrieval and reconsolidation of contextual fear memory, and on locomotor activity and shock sensitivity.

Low-cost enumeration of CD4+ T cells using a density-based negative selection method (RosetteSep) for the monitoring of HIV-infected individuals in non-OECD countries.

The CD4 count is the best surrogate marker for monitoring HIV. The reference method for assessing CD4 counts (flow cytometry, FCM), as expensive technique, is not widely used in non-OECD countries. To make HIV-monitoring available to more patients in these countries, we modified a commercially available density-based negative selection assay (RosetteSep) to make it applicable for low-cost cell enumeration.

Ventral cardiac denervation reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Objectives: Because the autonomic nervous system is an important determinant in the appearance of atrial fibrillation, we have assessed the role of ventral cardiac denervation for its prevention.

Methods: Patients undergoing low-risk coronary artery surgery were enrolled. No routine antiarrhythmic drugs were administered before or after the operation.