PTSD, Depression, Daily Stressors, and Treatment Pathways Among Urban Veterans.

Many veterans face various mental health challenges after separation. This study examines change over 14 months in mental health and related factors among 242 veterans returning to low-income predominately minority sections of New York City. Mental health treatment provided more than reductions in symptoms of PTSD and depression.

Cohabitating Partners and Domestic Labor in Low-Income Black Families.

This article examines the division of domestic labor in low-income cohabiting Black stepfamilies. We analyze survey data collected from 136 such families in order to understand how stepparent gender and relationship length impact the distribution of domestic labor. We hypothesize that women do more domestic work than men across all three family types, and that stepfathers are more involved in domestic labor in established relationships compared to new relationships.

Substance use and other mental health disorders among veterans returning to the inner city: prevalence, correlates, and rates of unmet treatment need.

Estimates of substance use and other mental health disorders of veterans (N = 269) who returned to predominantly low-income minority New York City neighborhoods between 2009 and 2012 are presented. Although prevalences of posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, and depression clustered around 20%, the estimated prevalence rates of alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, and substance use disorder were 28%, 18%, and 32%, respectively. Only about 40% of veterans with any diagnosed disorder received some form of treatment.

Unmet need for treatment of substance use disorders and serious psychological distress among veterans: a nationwide analysis using the NSDUH.

Many veterans returning from Afghanistan and Iraq experience serious mental health (MH) concerns including substance use disorders (SUD), post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, depression, or serious psychological distress (SPD). This article uses data from the 2004 to 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to examine the prevalence of unmet MH needs among veterans aged 21 to 34 in the general population. The prevalence of untreated SUD among veterans (16%) was twice as high as untreated SPD (8%), a nonspecific diagnosis of serious MH concerns.

Meta-analyses of seven of the National Institute on Drug Abuse's principles of drug addiction treatment.

Of the 13 principles of drug addiction treatment disseminated by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), 7 were meta-analyzed as part of the Evidence-based Principles of Treatment (EPT) project. By averaging outcomes over the diverse programs included in the EPT, we found that 5 of the NIDA principles examined are supported: matching treatment to the client's needs, attending to the multiple needs of clients, behavioral counseling interventions, treatment plan reassessment, and counseling to reduce risk of HIV. Two of the NIDA principles are not supported: remaining in treatment for an adequate period and frequency of testing for drug use.

Correlates of staying safe behaviors among long-term injection drug users: psychometric evaluation of the staying safe questionnaire.

We report on psychometric properties of a new questionnaire to study long-term strategies, practices and tactics that may help injection drug users (IDUs) avoid infection with HIV and hepatitis C. Sixty-two long-term IDUs were interviewed in New York City in 2009. Five scales based on a total of 47 items were formed covering the following domains: stigma avoidance, withdrawal prevention, homeless safety, embedding safety within a network of users, and access to resources/social support.

Modified therapeutic community aftercare for clients triply diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and co-occurring mental and substance use disorders.

This clinical trial evaluated a modified therapeutic community aftercare (MTC-A) program for a population triply diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, a substance use disorder, and a mental disorder. After six months of MTC residential treatment (MTC-R), subjects were randomly assigned to MTC-A (n=42) or to standard aftercare (C; n=34). Follow-up interviews at six and 12 months assessed eight outcome domains and adherence to prescribed HIV medication.

Chronic toluene misuse among Roma youth in Eastern Slovakia.

This report presents pilot data on toluene misuse among Roma (Gypsy) youth in eastern Slovakia. Twenty interviews were conducted with field social workers (FSWs) working in seven Roma settlements with a combined population of 17,050 people. An estimated 340 chronic toluene users, mostly males (90%, n = 306), were identified in the researched communities.