An Observational Study on the Pharmacokinetics of Oseltamivir in Lactating Influenza Patients.

Influenza infection may lead to serious complications in the postpartum period, therefore, oseltamivir treatment in these patients and their breastfed infants is of great importance. However, the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in postpartum lactating women with acute influenza infection, and the consequent infant exposure to oseltamivir are still unknown, and these data would help in assessing risk and the need for dose adjustment in breastfed infants. Six lactating women with influenza-like symptoms, at a standard dose of 75 mg oral oseltamivir twice daily for 5 days, were recruited in this phase IV clinical study during the 2011/2012 H1N1 pandemic seasons.

Heat transfer augmentation in nanofluids via nanofins.

Theoretical results derived in this article are combined with experimental data to conclude that, while there is no improvement in the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids beyond the Maxwell's effective medium theory (J.C. Maxwell, Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 1891), there is substantial heat transfer augmentation via nanofins.

On the distinction between lag and delay in population growth.

The analysis and results presented in this paper provide conclusive evidence to distinguish between the delay effect and the lag as two biologically distinct phenomena. It therefore dispels the incorrect notion that delay effects represented by delay differential equations are the biological reason behind the lag phase in microorganism growth. The resulting consequence so far is that the only other reason for the lag phase is the existence of unstable stationary states.

Continuous combined hormone replacement therapy relieves climacteric symptoms and improves health-related quality of life in early postmenopausal women.

Objective: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) relieves menopausal symptoms but its effect on health related quality of life (HRQoL) is uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of three dose regimens of continuous combined HRT, consisting of estradiol valerate (E2V) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on HRQoL in early postmenopausal women (last menstrual period 1-3 years before study entry).

Study Design: This was a 52-week, randomized, double-blind, multinational study comparing E2V (1 mg or 2 mg) plus MPA (2.

Biological implications from an autonomous version of Baranyi and Roberts growth model.

An autonomous version of Baranyi and Roberts model (Int. J. Food Microbiology, 23, 1994, pp.

Predictive modeling of microorganisms: LAG and LIP in monotonic growth.

The variety of models that are currently being used in "Predictive Microbiology" or "Microbial Ecology" aiming at reproducing the growth curve of microorganisms motivates this study. It is widely agreed that no model can reproduce generically and consistently the "LAG Phase" of microorganism growth. To promote the objective of "predictive modeling", we present here a model that was derived from first biological and physical principles, which is shown to reproduce qualitatively as well as quantitatively all typical features captured experimentally in microorganism growth.