Completion and reporting of COVID-19 clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov during the first 6 months of the pandemic: cohort study.

Background: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous clinical trials were initiated. Although concerns were raised regarding the quality of the trials, the eventual research output yielded from the trials remains unknown. The objective of this study was to include all clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.

Comparative cardiovascular and renal effectiveness of empagliflozin and dapagliflozin: Scandinavian cohort study.

Aims: To assess the comparative cardiovascular and renal effectiveness and safety of empagliflozin vs. dapagliflozin among patients with type 2 diabetes in routine clinical practice.

Methods And Results: Cohort study using data from nationwide registers in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, from June 2014 to June 2021 included 141 065 new users of empagliflozin and 58 306 new users of dapagliflozin.

Eligibility for lipid-lowering therapy when applying systemic coronary risk estimation 2 according to guidelines on apparently healthy middle-aged individuals.

Aims: To estimate the proportion eligible for lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) when using the systemic coronary risk estimation 2 (SCORE2) on apparently healthy individuals.

Methods And Results: Individuals aged 50-64 years were randomly invited to The Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study (n = 30 154). Participants with previous atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, or chronic kidney disease were excluded.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist use and risk of thyroid cancer: Scandinavian cohort study.

Objective: To investigate whether use of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists is associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer.

Design: Scandinavian cohort study.

Setting: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, 2007-21.

Association of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists with serious liver events among patients with type 2 diabetes: A Scandinavian cohort study.

Background And Aims: Clinical trials suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists may have beneficial effects on NAFLD, but the impact on hard hepatic end points is unknown. We assessed the association between the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists and the risk of serious liver events in routine clinical practice.

Approach And Results: Cohort study using data from nationwide registers in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, 2007-2020, including 91,479 initiators of GLP-1 receptor agonists and 244,004 initiators of the active comparator, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, without a history of chronic liver disease other than NAFLD/NASH.

Use of DPP4 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Intestinal Obstruction: Scandinavian Cohort Study.

Background & Aims: Concerns have been raised that the incretin-based diabetes drugs dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists may increase the risk of intestinal obstruction. We aimed to assess the association between use of DPP4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists and the risk of intestinal obstruction.

Methods: Using data from nationwide registers in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, 2013-2021, we conducted 2 cohort studies, one for DPP4 inhibitors and one for GLP-1 receptor agonists, to investigate the risk of intestinal obstruction as compared with an active comparator drug class (sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 [SGLT2] inhibitors).

Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: An inverse marker of morbidity and mortality in patients with myocardial infarction.

Background: The incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease increases with levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Yet, a paradox may exist where lower LDL-C levels at myocardial infarction (MI) are associated with poorer prognoses.

Objective: To assess the association between LDL-C levels at MI with risk factor burden and cause-specific outcomes.

Neurodegenerative disease among male elite football (soccer) players in Sweden: a cohort study.

Background: Football (soccer) players might be at increased risk of neurodegenerative disease, which has led to questions regarding the safety of the sport and recent measures introduced by football associations to reduce heading of the ball. We aimed to assess the risk of neurodegenerative disease among male football players in the Swedish top division Allsvenskan, compared with matched controls.

Methods: In this cohort study, we identified all male football players (amateurs and professionals) who had played at least one game in Allsvenskan from Aug 1, 1924 to Dec 31, 2019 and excluded players whose personal identity number could not be retrieved or be identified in the Total Population Register, and those who were not born in Sweden and who had immigrated to the country after age 15 years.

Sexual Behaviors among Individuals Aged 20-49 in Japan: Initial Findings from a Quasi-Representative National Survey, 2022.

Nationally representative data on sexual health and behaviors in Japan are scarce. We conducted an online survey, including questions about a range of topics related to sexual behaviors and outcomes. The sample, including 8000 men and women aged 20-49 years in Japan, was stratified by sex and weighted with respect to age, marital status, and region of residence to reflect the population of Japan.

Use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists according to the 2019 ESC guidelines and the 2019 ADA/EASD consensus report in a national population of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To assess treatment eligibility for, and received treatment with, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists according to the 2019 the American Diabetes Association (ADA)/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) consensus report and the 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines in a nationwide sample of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods And Results: Both sets of guidelines included the treatment indications of heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease while only the 2019 ESC guidelines also recommended treatment based on high or very high cardiovascular risk. The analyses included 435 000 patients with type 2 diabetes identified from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (2020-21).

Alcohol related disorders among elite male football players in Sweden: nationwide cohort study.

Objectives: To assess whether male elite football players are at increased risk of alcohol related disorders compared with men from the general population, and whether such an increased risk would vary on the basis of calendar year of the first playing season in the top tier of competition, age, career length, and goal scoring abilities.

Design: Nationwide cohort study.

Setting: Sweden, 1924-2020.

Understanding the sex inequality in childlessness: an approach using Swedish register data.

In most countries, men are more likely to be childless than women. Understanding how this inequality arises is important given the significance of parenthood for individuals' lives. The objective of this study was to explore how three prominent explanations for sex inequalities in childlessness relate to the Sex Gap in Childlessness (SGC) in Sweden.

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Treatment and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: Scandinavian Cohort Study.

Objective: To assess the association between use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in routine clinical practice.

Research Design And Methods: We used nationwide registers in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden from 2013 to 2018 in order to include patients without a history of AF who were newly prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor or an active comparator (glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1] receptor agonist). We performed a cohort study to assess new-onset AF in intention-to-treat analyses using Cox regression, adjusted for baseline covariates with propensity score weighting.

Lipid Lowering in "Very High Risk" Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Its Projected Reduction in Risk for Recurrent Vascular Events: A Monte Carlo Stepwise Simulation Approach.

2018 AHA guidelines provide criteria to identify patients at very high risk (VHR) for adverse vascular events and recommend an low density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C) level <1.8 mmol/L. Data regarding the 10-year risk for adverse vascular events in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients at VHR and the need for nonstatin therapies in the VHR cohort are limited.

Association of Ischemic and Bleeding Events With Mortality Among Patients in Sweden With Recent Acute Myocardial Infarction Receiving Antithrombotic Therapy.

Importance: Antithrombotic treatment after myocardial infarction (MI) should be individualized based on the patient's risk of ischemic and bleeding events. Uncertainty remains regarding the relative prognostic importance of the 2 types of events, and further study would be useful.

Objectives: To compare the association of ischemic vs bleeding events with mortality in patients with a recent MI and assess whether the relative mortality risk for the 2 types of events has changed over the past 2 decades.

Assessment of Traffic Accidents in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic vs. Previous Years: A Preliminary Report.

Beginning in April 2020, social distancing measures were implemented to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. We assessed whether traffic accident rates had decreased from April 2020 to December 2021 as compared with previous years. The analysis included 2,934,477 traffic accidents, and the trend of decreasing rates of traffic accidents in recent years and seasonal fluctuations in traffic accidents were considered.

Changes in marriage, divorce and births during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.

Introduction: Marriage, divorce and fertility are declining in Japan. There is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic may have accelerated the decrease in marriages and births while increasing the number of divorces. Changes in partnership behaviours and fertility have significant implications for mental health, well-being and population demographics.

Salaries, degrees, and babies: Trends in fertility by income and education among Japanese men and women born 1943-1975-Analysis of national surveys.

Background: While fertility rates have decreased during the second half of the 20th century in Japan, little is known regarding trends in the number of children that men and women have across birth cohorts and whether these differ by education and income.

Methods: We used data from four rounds of the National Fertility Survey (1992, 2005, 2010 and 2015) and included men and women aged 40-49 years (16728 men and 17628 women). By 5-year birth cohorts, we assessed the distribution of number of children (0, 1, 2 and 3 or more) and total fertility (the mean number of children) at completed fertility (age 45-49 or 40-44 years depending on birth cohort).

Recent changes in the reporting of STIs in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has had variable effects on the rates of STIs reported across the globe. This study sought to assess how the number of STI reports changed during the pandemic in Japan.

Methods: We used national infectious disease surveillance data from the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (Tokyo, Japan) for the period between January 2013 and December 2021.