Early-life cow-level risk factors for sole ulcers in primiparous dairy cows.

Sole ulcers negatively affect cow welfare and production economy. Previous cases of sole ulcers increase the risk of new or recurrent cases, and prevention of sole ulcers during the first lactation may therefore have a long-term effect, also in later lactations. Until now, risk factors for sole ulcers in the first lactation, associated with the period before heifers calve for the first time, have not been investigated.

Multifaceted bone response to immunomodulatory magnesium implants: Osteopromotion at the interface and adipogenesis in the bone marrow.

Orthopedic implants made of biodegradable magnesium (Mg) provide an alternative to nondegradable implants for fracture repair. Widely reported to be pro-osteogenic, Mg implants are also believed to be anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastic, but this is difficult to reconcile with the early clinical inflammation observed around these implants. Here, by surveying implant healing in a rat bone model, we determined the cellular responses and structural assembly of bone correlated with the surface changes of Mg implants inherent in degradation.

Rational design and testing of new urease inhibitors to prevent urinary catheter blockage.

Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) caused by urease-positive organisms can lead to catheter blockage: urease metabolizes urea in urine to ammonia causing an increase in pH and hence precipitation of struvite and apatite salts into the catheter lumen and bladder leading to blockage. Acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) is the only urease inhibitor currently approved for patient use, however, it is rarely used owing to its side effects. Here, we report the identification and development of new urease inhibitors discovered using a rational drug design approach.

Dynamic gait stability and stability symmetry for people with transfemoral amputation: A case-series of 19 individuals with bone-anchored limbs.

For some individuals with severe socket-related problems, prosthesis osseointegration directly connects a prosthesis to the residual limb creating a bone-anchored limb (BAL). We compared dynamic gait stability and between-limb stability symmetry, as measured by the Margin of Stability (MoS) and the Normalized Symmetry Index (NSI), for people with unilateral transfemoral amputation before and one-year after BAL implantation. The MoS provides a mechanical construct to assess dynamic gait stability and infer center of mass and limb control by relating the center of mass and velocity to the base of support.

Cumulative loading increases and loading asymmetries persist during walking for people with a transfemoral bone-anchored limb.

Background: A bone-anchored limb (BAL) is an alternative to a traditional socket-type prosthesis for people with transfemoral amputation. Early laboratory-based evidence suggests improvement in joint and limb loading mechanics during walking with a BAL compared to socket prosthesis use. However, changes in cumulative joint and limb loading measures, which may be predictive of degenerative joint disease progression, remain unknown.

Toward a disruptive, minimally invasive small finger joint implant concept: Cellular and molecular interactions with materials in vivo.

Osteoarthritis (OA) poses significant therapeutic challenges, particularly OA that affects the hand. Currently available treatment strategies are often limited in terms of their efficacy in managing pain, regulating invasiveness, and restoring joint function. The APRICOT implant system developed by Aurora Medical Ltd (Chichester, UK) introduces a minimally invasive, bone-conserving approach for treating hand OA (https://apricot-project.

Molecular mechanisms of poor osseointegration in irradiated bone: In vivo study in a rat tibia model.

Aim: Radiotherapy is associated with cell depletion and loss of blood supply, which are linked to compromised bone healing. However, the molecular events underlying these effects at the tissue-implant interface have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine the major molecular mediators associated with compromised osseointegration due to previous exposure to radiation.

Lumbopelvic movement coordination during walking improves with transfemoral bone anchored limbs: Implications for low back pain.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is more prevalent in patients with transfemoral amputation using socket prostheses than able-bodied individuals, in part due to altered spinal loading caused by aberrant lumbopelvic movement patterns. Early evidence surrounding bone-anchored limb functional outcomes is promising, yet it remains unknown if this novel prosthesis influences LBP or movement patterns known to increase its risk.

Research Question: How are self-reported measures of LBP and lumbopelvic movement coordination patterns altered when using a unilateral transfemoral bone-anchored limb compared to a socket prosthesis?

Methods: Fourteen patients with unilateral transfemoral amputation scheduled to undergo intramedullary hardware implantation for bone-anchored limbs due to failed socket use were enrolled in this longitudinal observational cohort study (7 F/7 M, Age: 50.

Leptin receptor gene deficiency minimally affects osseointegration in rats.

Metabolic syndrome represents a cluster of conditions such as obesity, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension that can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigated the influence of obesity and hyperglycaemia on osseointegration using a novel, leptin receptor-deficient animal model, the Lund MetS rat. Machined titanium implants were installed in the tibias of animals with normal leptin receptor (LepR) and those harbouring congenic leptin receptor deficiency (LepR) and were left to heal for 28 days.

Targeting quorum sensing with sodium salicylate modulates immune responses and .

Introduction: Chronic infections are a major clinical challenge in hard-to-heal wounds and implanted devices. is a common causative pathogen that produces numerous virulence factors. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, new alternative treatment strategies are needed.

Modulation of gene expression and bone formation by expanded and dense polytetrafluoroethylene membranes during guided bone regeneration: An experimental study.

Background: Nonresorbable membranes promote bone formation during guided bone regeneration (GBR), yet the relationships between membrane properties and molecular changes in the surrounding tissue are largely unknown.

Aim: To compare the molecular events in the overlying soft tissue, the membrane, and the underlying bone defect during GBR using dual-layered expanded membranes versus dense polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes.

Materials And Methods: Rat femur defects were treated with either dense PTFE (d-PTFE) or dual-layered expanded PTFE (dual e-PTFE) or left untreated as a sham.

High risk of dairy cow mortality in early lactation.

Background: On-farm mortality among dairy cows constitutes a major problem in modern dairy production. Detailed knowledge about when cows die may help guide the prevention of future deaths.

Methods: Data from 46,927 on-farm dairy cow deaths reported to the Danish Cattle Database were analysed to evaluate the distribution of deaths in relation to time after calving and the effect of parity and breed.

Prevalence of lameness in dairy cows: A literature review.

Lameness in dairy cows has major negative impacts on animal welfare and production economy. While previous studies have evaluated the prevalence of lameness in single countries, the present literature review is the first overview of the prevalence of lameness in dairy cows globally. This literature review identified 53 studies reporting prevalence of lameness among representative samples of dairy cows and fulfilling a number of specified inclusion criteria (e.

Magnesium implant degradation provides immunomodulatory and proangiogenic effects and attenuates peri-implant fibrosis in soft tissues.

Implants made of magnesium (Mg) are increasingly employed in patients to achieve osteosynthesis while degrading . Since Mg implants and Mg have been suggested to possess anti-inflammatory properties, the clinically observed soft tissue inflammation around Mg implants is enigmatic. Here, using a rat soft tissue model and a 1-28 d observation period, we determined the temporo-spatial cell distribution and behavior in relation to sequential changes of pure Mg implant surface properties and Mg release.

Non-invasive sampling procedure revealing the molecular events at different abutments of bone-anchored hearing systems-A prospective clinical pilot study.

Purpose: To investigate the molecular activities in different compartments around the bone-anchored hearing system (BAHS) with either electropolished or machined abutments and to correlate these activities with clinical and microbiological findings.

Materials And Methods: Twelve patients received machined or electropolished abutments after implant installation of BAHS. Peri-abutment fluid and tissue were collected from baseline to 12 months.

Osseointegrated prostheses for the rehabilitation of patients with transfemoral amputations: A prospective ten-year cohort study of patient-reported outcomes and complications.

Background: Osseointegrated implants for patients with transfemoral amputations (TFAs) are a novel treatment under development, and prospective long-term evidence is lacking. The objectives were to determine patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and complications after ten years compared to before treatment and to compare the first five-year period with the later five-year period with regard to the outcomes.

Methods: In a nonrandomized, prospective cohort study, patients with TFAs treated between 1999 and 2007 with the Osseointegrated Prosthesis for the Rehabilitation of Amputees (OPRA) system (n ​= ​51) (28 men/23 women; mean age at amputation: 32 years old; mean age at treatment: 44 years old in a single university hospital were followed for ten years.

Effect of lameness on feeding behavior of zero grazed Jersey dairy cows.

The dairy industry faces major challenges with high levels of lameness, in parallel to an increased consumer focus on animal welfare. This encourages farmers to consider more robust breeds, such as Jersey cows. As little is known about the behavior of this breed under loose housing conditions, the present study sought to describe the feeding behavior of lame and non-lame Jersey cows in different parities.

The Role of Titanium Particles and Ions in the Pathogenesis of Peri-Implantitis.

Titanium (Ti) particles and ions have been investigated in recent years as important factors in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. However, their role in the pathogenesis is yet to be fully understood. A review of pertinent literature was performed in various databases to determine the current position of Ti particles and ions role in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis.

Long-term osseointegration of laser-ablated hearing implants in sheep cranial bone.

Osseointegration, the ability for an implant to be anchored in bone tissue with direct bone-implant contact and allowing for continuous adaptive remodelling, is clinically used in different reconstructive fields, such as dentistry, orthopedics and otology. The latter uses a bone conducting sound processor connected to a skin-penetrating abutment that is mounted on a titanium implant placed in the temporal bone, thereby acting as a path for transmission of the vibrations generated by the sound processor. The success of the treatment relies on bone healing and osseointegration, which could be improved by surface modifications.

Welfare of cattle during transport.

In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with protection of cattle (including calves) during transport. Welfare of cattle during transport by road is the main focus, but other means of transport are also covered.

Welfare of small ruminants during transport.

In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with the protection of small ruminants (sheep and goats) during transport. The main focus is on welfare of sheep during transport by road but other means of transport and concerns for welfare of goats during transport are also covered.

Welfare of pigs during transport.

In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with protection of pigs during transport. The welfare of pigs during transport by road is the main focus, but other means of transport are also covered.

Welfare of equidae during transport.

In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of animal welfare legislation. This opinion deals with the protection of horses and donkeys during transport. While the opinion focuses primarily on road transport of horses, there are specific sections dealing with the transport of horses on roll-on-roll-off ferries, horses transported by air and the transport of donkeys.

Role of sodium salicylate in quorum sensing, virulence, biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility.

The widespread threat of antibiotic resistance requires new treatment options. Disrupting bacterial communication, quorum sensing (QS), has the potential to reduce pathogenesis by decreasing bacterial virulence. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sodium salicylate (NaSa) on QS, virulence production and biofilm formation.

Genomics of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis from Periprosthetic Joint Infections and Correlation to Clinical Outcome.

The approach of sequencing or genotyping to characterize the pathogenic potential of staphylococci from orthopedic device-related infection (ODRI) has been applied in recent studies. These studies described the genomic carriage of virulence in clinical strains and compared it with those in commensal strains. Only a few studies have directly correlated genomic profiles to patient outcome and phenotypic virulence properties in periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs).