The Effectiveness and Tolerability of a Very Low-Volume Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy Compared to Low and High-Volume Polyethylene Glycol-Solutions in the Real-Life Setting.

Adequate bowel cleansing is essential for high-quality colonoscopy. Recently, a new very low-volume 1 litre (1L) polyethylene glycol (PEG) plus ascorbate solution (ASC) has been introduced. Our aims were to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of this product compared to low-volume 2L PEG-ASC and high-volume 4L PEG solutions, in a real-life setting.

Diagnosis and management of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline.

1: ESGE recommends that the initial assessment of patients presenting with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding should include: a history of co-morbidities and medications that promote bleeding; hemodynamic parameters; physical examination (including digital rectal examination); and laboratory markers. A risk score can be used to aid, but should not replace, clinician judgment.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

No distinct microbiome signature of irritable bowel syndrome found in a Swedish random population.

Objective: The ethiopathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unknown. While a link to the gut microbiome is postulated, the heterogeneity of the healthy gut makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. We aimed to describe the faecal and mucosa-associated microbiome (MAM) and health correlates on a community cohort of healthy and IBS individuals with no colonoscopic findings.

miR-16 and miR-103 impact 5-HT receptor signalling and correlate with symptom profile in irritable bowel syndrome.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gut-brain disorder involving alterations in intestinal sensitivity and motility. Serotonin 5-HT receptors are promising candidates in IBS pathophysiology since they regulate gut motor function and stool consistency, and targeted 5-HTR selective drug intervention has been proven beneficial in subgroups of patients. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs201253747) c.

Peptide YY3-36 and glucagon-like peptide-1 in functional dyspepsia. Secretion and role in symptom generation.

Objective: The role of peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucose homoeostasis in symptom development in functional dyspepsia (FD) is unclear. The aim was to investigate postprandial changes in plasma PYY3-36, GLP-1, glucose and insulin, and the relationship between PYY3-36, GLP-1, dyspeptic symptoms, and satiety measurements.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six patients with functional dyspepsia and 18 healthy controls consumed a liquid meal at two occasions.

Benign and precursor lesions in the esophagus.

The following, from the 12th OESO World Conference: Cancers of the Esophagus, includes commentaries on the role of salivary stimulation and esophageal secretion of protective factors in prevention of adenocarcinoma sequelae in gastroesophageal reflux disease; the pediatric conditions associated with esophageal cancer; the relationship of achalasia and pseudoachalasia with esophageal cancer; the potential for malignant transformation in eosinophilic esophagitis and overlap syndromes; the role of lymphocytic esophagitis as an overlapping phenotype; the role of Barrett's esophagus as a premalignant condition; the indications and type of treatment of premalignant conditions of the esophagus; and the decision for use of endoscopical procedures in premalignant conditions of the esophagus.

An additional case of gastric serrated adenoma.

Gastric serrated adenoma is an apparently rare adenoma phenotype characterized by branched villi exhibiting lateral saw-tooth indentations lined with dysplastic cells. Out of the 21 gastric serrated adenomas now in record, including the case reported here, 76% (n=16) exhibited invasive carcinoma. In contrast, only 15% of the gastric tubular/villous (that is, non-serrated) adenomas reported in the literature revealed invasive growth.

Genetic variants in CDC42 and NXPH1 as susceptibility factors for constipation and diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

Objective: The complex genetic aetiology underlying irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) needs to be assessed in large-scale genetic studies. Two independent IBS cohorts were genotyped to assess whether genetic variability in immune, neuronal and barrier integrity genes is associated with IBS.

Design: 384 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering 270 genes were genotyped in an exploratory cohort (935 IBS patients, 639 controls).

Training nonanesthetist administration of propofol for gastrointestinal endoscopy in scenario-based full-scale hybrid simulation--a pilot study.

Objective: The use of nonanesthetist-administered propofol (NAAP) in GI endoscopy has long been controversial. In the setting of NAAP, acute situations can develop during endoscopy and thus training before starting with NAAPs is considered crucial. The aim was to evaluate a pilot study on crew resource management (CRM)-based training of teams of endoscopists and endoscopy nurses in NAAP in a full-scale hybrid simulation consisting of a full-scale human patient simulator and an endoscopy simulator.

Duodenal epithelial transport in functional dyspepsia: Role of serotonin.

Aim: To investigate functional duodenal abnormalities in functional dyspepsia (FD) and the role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in mucosal ion transport and signalling.

Methods: Duodenal mucosal biopsies were obtained from 15 patients with FD and 18 healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the number of 5-HT-containing cells and real-time polymerase chain reaction for expression of 5-HT receptors 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 4 and 7, as well as expression of the serotonin re-uptake transporter (SERT) gene SLC6A4 and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1).

Involvement of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 in regulation of gastric motility and pancreatic endocrine secretion.

Objective: To study the role of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on gastric emptying rates of a solid meal as well as postprandial hormone secretion and glucose disposal.

Material And Methods: In nine healthy subjects, gastric emptying of a 310-kcal radio-labelled solid meal and plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon and glucose were measured during infusion of saline or the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9-39)amide (Ex(9-39)) at 300 pmol·kg(-1)·min(-1).

Results: Ex(9-39) infusion had no effect on the total gastric emptying curve, but changed the intra-gastric distribution of the meal.

Depletion of mucosal substance P in acute otitis media.

Objective: The neuropeptide substance P (SP) is an inducer of neurogenic inflammation and bone resorption in the middle ear. Resorption of the bone tissue structures surrounding the middle ear cavity is a distinct feature of the initial stage of acute otitis media (AOM), which may be due to nerve fiber release of SP.

Material And Methods: To investigate possible release of SP in the middle ear mucosa during AOM, we used a well-established rat model of AOM caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Tachykinin-stimulated small bowel myoelectric pattern: sensitization by NO inhibition, reversal by neurokinin receptor blockade.

Unlabelled: Tachykinins stimulate motility whereas NO inhibits motility in the gastrointestinal tract.

Aim: To investigate if inhibition of NO production sensitizes myoelectric activity to subthreshold doses of tachykinins in the small intestine of awake rats.

Methods: Rats were supplied with a venous catheter and bipolar electrodes at 5, 15 and 25 cm distal to pylorus for electromyography of small intestine.