3D X-ray Histology for the Investigation of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in a Mouse Model.

The most common form of epilepsy among adults is mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), with seizures often originating in the hippocampus due to abnormal electrical activity. The gold standard for the histopathological analysis of mTLE is histology, which is a two-dimensional technique. To fill this gap, we propose complementary three-dimensional (3D) X-ray histology.

Hard X-Ray Nanoholotomography: Large-Scale, Label-Free, 3D Neuroimaging beyond Optical Limit.

There have been great efforts on the nanoscale 3D probing of brain tissues to image subcellular morphologies. However, limitations in terms of tissue coverage, anisotropic resolution, stain dependence, and complex sample preparation all hinder achieving a better understanding of the human brain functioning in the subcellular context. Herein, X-ray nanoholotomography is introduced as an emerging synchrotron radiation-based technology for large-scale, label-free, direct imaging with isotropic voxel sizes down to 25 nm, exhibiting a spatial resolution down to 88 nm.

Implementation of a double-grating interferometer for phase-contrast computed tomography in a conventional system nanotom m.

Visualizing the internal architecture of large soft tissue specimens within the laboratory environment in a label-free manner is challenging, as the conventional absorption-contrast tomography yields a poor contrast. In this communication, we present the integration of an X-ray double-grating interferometer (XDGI) into an advanced, commercially available micro computed tomography system nanotom m with a transmission X-ray source and a micrometer-sized focal spot. The performance of the interferometer is demonstrated by comparing the registered three-dimensional images of a human knee joint sample in phase- and conventional absorption-contrast modes.

Three-dimensional imaging and analysis of entire peripheral nerves after repair and reconstruction.

Background: We wanted to achieve a three-dimensional (3D), non-destructive imaging and automatic post-analysis and evaluation of reconstructed peripheral nerves without involving cutting and staining processes.

New Method: We used a laboratory-based micro computed tomography system for imaging, as well as a custom analysis protocol. The sample preparation was also adapted in order to achieve 3D images with true micrometer resolution and suitable contrast.

Three-dimensional and non-destructive characterization of nerves inside conduits using laboratory-based micro computed tomography.

Background: Histological assessment of peripheral nerve regeneration in animals is tedious, time-consuming and challenging for three-dimensional analysis.

New Method: The present study reports on how and to what extent micro computed tomography of paraffin-embedded samples can provide a reliable three-dimensional approach for quantitative analysis of peripheral nerves.

Results: Rat sciatic nerves were harvested, formalin-fixated, positioned into nerve conduits (NC), paraffin-embedded, and imaged using a laboratory-based X-ray microtomography system with an isotropic voxel length of 4μm.

Mineralization of Early Stage Carious Lesions In Vitro-A Quantitative Approach.

Micro computed tomography has been combined with dedicated data analysis for the in vitro quantification of sub-surface enamel lesion mineralization. Two artificial white spot lesions, generated on a human molar crown in vitro, were examined. One lesion was treated with a self-assembling peptide intended to trigger nucleation of hydroxyapatite crystals.