studies of reversible solid-gas reactions of ethylene responsive silver pyrazolates.

Solid-gas reactions and powder X-ray diffraction investigations of trinuclear silver complexes {[3,4,5-(CF)Pz]Ag} and {[4-Br-3,5-(CF)Pz]Ag} supported by highly fluorinated pyrazolates reveal that they undergo intricate ethylene-triggered structural transformations in the solid-state producing dinuclear silver-ethylene adducts. Despite the complexity, the chemistry is reversible producing precursor trimers with the loss of ethylene. Less reactive {[3,5-(CF)Pz]Ag} under ethylene pressure and low-temperature conditions stops at an unusual silver-ethylene complex in the trinuclear state, which could serve as a model for intermediates likely present in more common trimer-dimer reorganizations described above.

Cation Adaptive Structures Based on Manganese Cyanide Prussian Blue Analogues: Application of Powder Diffraction Data to Solve Complex, Unprecedented Stoichiometries and New Structure Types.

A Mn(II) salt and A CN under anaerobic conditions react to form 2-D and 3-D extended structured compounds of A Mn (CN) stoichiometry. Here, the creation and characterization of this large family of compounds, for example AMn (CN) , A Mn (CN) , A Mn (CN) , A Mn (CN) , and A Mn [Mn (CN) ], where A represents alkali and tetraalkylammonium cations, is reviewed. Cs Mn [Mn (CN) ] has the typical Prussian blue face centered cubic unit cell.

Concept: A randomised multicentre trial of first line chemotherapy comparing three weekly cabazitaxel versus weekly paclitaxel in HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer.

Background: Paclitaxel is commonly used as first-line chemotherapy for HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. However, with response rates of 21.5-53.

Glycosides of Nadifloxacin-Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities against Methicillin-Resistant .

The increase in the number of bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics poses a serious clinical problem that threatens the health of humans worldwide. Nadifloxacin () is a highly potent antibacterial agent with broad-spectrum activity. However, its poor aqueous solubility has limited its use to topical applications.

A Molecular Compound for Highly Selective Purification of Ethylene.

Purification of C H from an C H /C H mixture is one of the most challenging separation processes, which is achieved mainly through energy-intensive, cryogenic distillation in industry. Sustainable, non-distillation methods are highly desired as alternatives. We discovered that the fluorinated bis(pyrazolyl)borate ligand supported copper(I) complex {[(CF ) Bp]Cu} has features very desirable in an olefin-paraffin separation material.

Time series study of the sales of non-subsidised contraceptives in Kenya at times of public sector shortage: implications for future sustainability.

This paper describes volume trends of non-subsidised contraceptive commodities (NSCC) in Kenya between 2016-2019. We hypothesise that if non-subsidised contraceptive commodities volumes increased at times of public sector shortage then then we might hope for a similar response should public sector supplies reduce in response to an expected decline in donor funding. We find that non-subsidised contraceptive commodities contribute only 2% of total volume, and that these volumes are dominated by emergency contraceptives (EC) and combined oral contraceptives (COC).

Sales of anti-cancer medicines; China, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand.

Objective: To assess sales of anti-cancer medicines in the 2017 World Health Organization's in China, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand from 2007 (2008 for Kazakhstan and Malaysia) to 2017.

Methods: We extracted sales volume data for 39 anti-cancer medicines from the IQVIA database. We divided the total quantity sold by the reference defined daily dose to estimate the total number of defined daily doses sold, per country per year, for three types of anti-cancer therapies (traditional chemotherapy, targeted therapy and endocrine therapy).

First-in-human study of the PARP/tankyrase inhibitor E7449 in patients with advanced solid tumours and evaluation of a novel drug-response predictor.

Background: This phase 1 study examined the safety, maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and antitumour activity of E7449, a novel PARP 1/2 and tankyrase 1/2 inhibitor.

Methods: E7449 was orally administered once daily in 28-day cycles to patients with advanced solid tumours (50-800-mg doses). Archival tumour samples from consenting patients were evaluated for the expression of 414 genes in a biomarker panel (2X-121 drug-response predictor [DRP]) found to be predictive of the response to E7449 in cell lines.

Ferrimagnetic Ordering and Anomalous Stoichiometry Observed for the Cubic, Extended 3D Prussian Blue Analogues (NEt Me) Mn (CN) and (NEt Me ) Mn (CN) : A Cation-Adaptive Structure.

The reactions of Mn (O CCH ) with NEt Me CN and NEt Me CN form (NEt Me) Mn (CN) (1) and (NEt Me ) Mn (CN) (2), respectively. Structure model-building and Rietveld refinement of high-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction data revealed a cubic [a=24.0093 Å (1), 23.

The Brazilian private pharmaceutical market after the first ten years of the generics law.

Objectives: To describe changes in the private market for selected originators, branded generics (''), and generic products during the 10 years following passage of the Brazilian Generics Law.

Methods: We analyzed longitudinal data collected by IQVIA® on quarterly sales by wholesalers to retail pharmacies in Brazil from 1998 through 2010, grouped by originators, branded generics, and generic products in three therapeutic classes (antibiotics, antidiabetics, and antihypertensives). Outcomes included market share (proportion of the total private market volume), sales volume per capita, prices and number of manufacturers by group.

Acridine form IX.

We report a new polymorph of acridine, CHN, denoted form IX, obtained as thin needles by slow evaporation of a toluene solution. The structure was solved and refined from powder X-ray data. The structures of five unsolvated forms were previously known, but this is only the second with one mol-ecule in the asymmetric unit.

Estimating global trends in total and childhood antibiotic consumption, 2011-2015.

Introduction: Understanding patterns of antibiotic consumption is essential to ensure access to appropriate antibiotics when needed and to minimise overuse, which can lead to antibiotic resistance. We aimed to describe changes in global antibiotic consumption between 2011 and 2015.

Methods: We analysed wholesale data on total antibiotic sales and antibiotics sold as child-appropriate formulations (CAFs), stratified by country income level (low/middle-income and high-income countries (LMICs and HICs)).

Anomalous Stoichiometry, 3-D Bridged Triangular/Pentagonal Layered Structured Artificial Antiferromagnet for the Prussian Blue Analogue AMn(CN) (A = NMe, NEtMe). A Cation Adaptive Structure.

The size of the organic cation dictates both the composition and the extended 3-D structure for hybrid organic/inorganic Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) of A Mn (CN) (A = cation) stoichiometry. Alkali PBAs are typically cubic with both MC and M'N octahedral coordination sites and the alkali cation content depends on the M and M' oxidation states. The reaction of Mn(OCCH) and ACN (A = NMe, NEtMe) forms a hydrated material of AMn(CN) composition.

Hydrating the Bispropionate Notch in Malaria Pigment: A New Structural Motif in the Iron(III)(deuteroporphyrin) Dimer.

Treating deuterohemin, chloro(deuteroporphyrinato)iron(III), with a non-coordinating base in DMSO/methanol allows for the isolation of [(deuteroporphyrinato)iron(III)] , deuterohematin anhydride (DHA), an analogue of malaria pigment, the natural product of heme detoxification by malaria. The structure of DHA obtained from this solvent system has been solved by X-ray powder diffraction analysis and displays many similarities, yet important structural differences, to malaria pigment. Most notably, a water molecule of solvation occupies a notch created by the propionate side chains and stabilizes a markedly bent propionate ligand coordinated with a long Fe-O bond, and a carboxylate cluster associated with water molecules is generated.

A new approach to gathering pharmaceutical market data to support policy implementation and access to medicines: as demonstrated by malaria medicines in Zambia.

Background: The steady supply of quality, affordable medicines is a pillar of a functioning health system. In addition to the public sector, the private, mission and not-for-profit sectors often serve a large part of the population in Africa. However, while there is generally systematic recording of public sector supply of medicines, detailed, systematic and reliable national market data including these non-public sectors are not commonly available in most countries in Africa.

Synthesis and antibacterial profiles of targeted triclosan derivatives.

There is an ongoing urgent need for new targeted antibacterial compounds with novel mechanisms of action for the treatment of infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to currently available materials. Since the expression of glycosidase enzymes within bacteria is unequally distributed, glycoside derivatives of antibacterial agents offer potential as targeted prodrugs for bacterial infections. Herein we report the synthesis and characterisation of four α-D-glycopyranosides and three β-D-glycopyranosides of the broad antibacterial agent triclosan, in generally good synthetic yields, and with excellent purities.

Anomalous Stoichiometry and Antiferromagnetic Ordering for the Extended Hydroxymanganese(II) Cubes/Hexacyanometalate-Based 3D-Structured [Mn (OH) ][Mn (CN) ](OH ) ⋅H O.

The reaction of Mn (O CMe) and NaCN or LiCN in water forms a light green insoluble material. Structural solution and Rietveld refinement of high-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction data for this unprecedented, complicated compound of previously unknown composition revealed a new alkali-free ordered structural motif with [Mn (μ -OH) ] cubes and octahedral [Mn (CN) ] ions interconnected in 3D by Mn -N≡C-Mn linkages. The composition is {[Mn (OH ) ][Mn (OH )] }(μ -OH) ][Mn (μ-CN) (CN) ]⋅H O=[Mn (μ -OH) (OH ) ][Mn (μ-CN) (CN) ]⋅H O, which is further simplified to [Mn (OH) ][Mn(CN) ](OH ) (1).

Correction to: Olaratumab in Combination with Doxorubicin for the Treatment of Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma: An Evidence Review Group Perspective of a National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Single Technology Appraisal.

Page 41, Column 1, Section 3.1, paragraph 2, 1st sentence which.

Magnetostriction-polarization coupling in multiferroic MnMnWO.

Double corundum-related polar magnets are promising materials for multiferroic and magnetoelectric applications in spintronics. However, their design and synthesis is a challenge, and magnetoelectric coupling has only been observed in NiTeO among the known double corundum compounds to date. Here we address the high-pressure synthesis of a new polar and antiferromagnetic corundum derivative MnMnWO, which adopts the NiTeO-type structure with low temperature first-order field-induced metamagnetic phase transitions (T  = 58 K) and high spontaneous polarization (~ 63.

Olaratumab in Combination with Doxorubicin for the Treatment of Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma: An Evidence Review Group Perspective of a National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Single Technology Appraisal.

The manufacturer of olaratumab (Lartruvo), Eli Lilly & Company Limited, submitted evidence for the clinical and cost effectiveness of this drug, in combination with doxorubicin, for untreated advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) not amenable to surgery or radiotherapy, as part of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Single Technology Appraisal process. The Peninsula Technology Assessment Group, commissioned to act as the Evidence Review Group (ERG), critically reviewed the company's submission. Clinical effectiveness evidence for the company's analysis was derived from an open-label, randomised controlled trial, JGDG.

Ba(CrTe)TeO: in Search of Jahn-Teller Distorted Cr(II) Oxide.

A novel 6H-type hexagonal perovskite Ba(CrTe)TeO was prepared at high pressure (6 GPa) and temperature (1773 K). Both transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data demonstrate that Ba(CrTe)TeO crystallizes in P6/mmc with face-shared (CrTe)O octahedral pairs interconnected with TeO octahedra via corner-sharing. Structure analysis shows a mixed Cr/Cr valence state with ∼10% Cr.