A review of physiotherapy practice for people with bronchiectasis.

https://bit.ly/2U3c99H.

Obstructive sleep apnea leads to transient uncoupling of coronary blood flow and myocardial work in humans.

Study Objectives: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease. We hypothesized that abnormalities of coronary blood flow (CBF) associated with obstructive apneas may predispose patients to ischemia. We aimed to determine CBF during respiratory events in patients with OSA.

Coronary blood flow becomes uncoupled from myocardial work during obstructive sleep apnea in the presence of endothelial dysfunction.

Study Objectives: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and coronary artery disease have a poor long-term prognosis. It is unknown whether the coronary blood flow (CBF) response to OSA is appropriate for myocardial metabolic requirements. Therefore, CBF was assessed during OSA, before and after the development of coronary artery endothelial dysfunction.

A model of coronary artery endothelial dysfunction in the sleeping lamb.

Background And Purpose: Much remains unknown about the regulation of coronary artery blood flow (CBF), particularly during sleep and sleep-related disease states such as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Mediators produced by the endothelium are known to be crucial in the regulation of CBF, particularly vasodilator substances such as nitric oxide. Endothelial dysfunction with altered vascular reactivity has been identified in disease states such as atherosclerosis, OSA and sepsis, but as yet its potential effects on CBF during sleep or OSA is unknown.

The effect of successful heart transplant treatment of heart failure on central sleep apnea.

Study Objective: Central sleep apnea (CSA) associated with Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) is thought to be an acquired pattern of respiratory control instability related, at least in part, to elevated sympathetic nervous system activity. The effect of restoring heart function to normal with heart transplantation in patients with CHF and CSA has only been reported within weeks of the transplant and with varying results. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of successful heart transplant on sympathetic nervous system activity and CSA severity in patients with CHF.

Impact of sleep apnea on sympathetic nervous system activity in heart failure.

Objectives: To compare and establish the relevance of the relative degree of sympathetic nervous system activity (SNSA) in groups of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and in a control group.

Background: Elevated SNSA is a characteristic feature of CHF, as well as of OSA and nonhypercapnic central sleep apnea (CSA). OSA and CSA commonly occur with CHF; however, the relative contribution of apnea-related hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation to the SNSA of patients with CHF is not known.

Raised sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure and central sleep apnea is due to heart failure severity.

Background: Congestive heart failure (CHF) patients with central sleep apnea (CHF-CSA) have elevated plasma norepinephrine (NE) compared with CHF patients without apnea (CHF-N). Patients with CHF-CSA also demonstrate higher mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), which is suggestive of worse cardiac function. Whether CSA contributes to chronic elevation of sympathetic nerve activity or is associated with more severe CHF remains unknown.