Chronic kidney disease associated with environmental toxins and exposures.

People are exposed to various potentially toxic agents and conditions in their natural and occupational environments. These agents may be physical or chemical, may enter the human body through oral, inhalational, or transdermal routes, and may exert effects on all organ systems. Several well-known as well as lesser known associations exist between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and both environmental agents and conditions, such as heavy metals, industrial chemicals, elevated ambient temperatures, and infections.

Circulating angiogenic factors in singleton vs multiple-gestation pregnancies.

Objective: Placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Here we describe alterations in serum angiogenic factor levels in women with multiple gestation pregnancies, a major preeclampsia risk factor.

Study Design: We collected serial serum specimens from 101 pregnant women at high preeclampsia risk between 22 and 36 weeks' gestation.