Utility and Safety of Skin Tests in Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS): A Systematic Review.

Background: Determination of culprit drug in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is crucial. Skin tests have been used, although it remains unclear how sensitive these are.

Objective: To determine the value of skin tests in the assessment of drug causality in DRESS.

Potential Biomarker Identification by RNA-Seq Analysis in Antibiotic-Related Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS): A Pilot Study.

One of the most severe forms of cutaneous adverse drug reactions is "drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms" (DRESS), hence subsequent avoidance of the causal drug is imperative. However, attribution of drug culpability in DRESS is challenging and standard skin allergy tests are not recommended due to patient safety reasons. Whilst incidence of DRESS is relatively low, between 1:1000 and 1:10 000 drug exposures, antibiotics are a commoner cause of DRESS and absence of confirmatory diagnostic test can result in unnecessary avoidance of efficacious treatment.

Drug-induced exanthemata: a source of clinical and intellectual confusion.

Drug rashes are a common problem occurring in patients across the whole spectrum of medical specialties. They are a source of confusion not only to the wider medical community but even among dermatologists there is lack of clarity about how to describe, classify and approach them. Common patterns of drug rash, apart from the "classical" maculo-papular eruptions (MPE), include urticarial wheals and urticaria-like rashes which it is important to distinguish, because of differences in pathogenetic mechanisms, therapeutic response and prognostic significance.

Activation of T-cells from allergic patients and volunteers by p-phenylenediamine and Bandrowski's base.

Allergic contact dermatitis is commonly associated with exposure to p-phenylenediamine. The aim of this study was to determine whether p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and/or Bandrowski's base (BB) stimulate T cells from allergic patients and volunteers, and to explore the relationship between T-cell immunogenicity and allergy. Lymphocytes from allergic patients proliferated with PPD and BB (n=8).