Flow-S: A Field-Deployable Device with Minimal Hands-On Effort to Concentrate and Quantify Circulating Anodic Antigen (CAA) from Large Urine Volumes.

A laboratory-based lateral flow (LF) test that utilizes up-converting reporter particles (UCP) for ultrasensitive quantification of circulating anodic antigen (CAA) in urine is a well-accepted test to identify active infection. However, this UCP-LF CAA test requires sample pre-treatment steps not compatible with field applications. Flow, a new low-cost disposable, allows integration of large-volume pre-concentration of urine analytes and LF detection into a single field-deployable device.

Clinical and Demographic Factors Associated With Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Shedding in Saliva or Cervical Secretions in a Cohort of Tanzanian Women.

Background: Reasons for the high prevalence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in sub-Saharan Africa, and risk factors leading to viral reactivation and shedding, remain largely undefined. Preliminary studies have suggested that schistosome infection, which has been associated with impaired viral control, is associated with KSHV. In this study we sought to determine the relationship between active or infection and KSHV shedding.

Infection Is Associated With Increased Monocytes and Fewer Natural Killer T Cells in the Female Genital Tract.

infection may impair genital mucosal antiviral immunity, but immune cell populations have not been well characterized. We characterized mononuclear cells from cervical brushings of women with and without infection. We observed lower frequencies of natural killer T cells and higher frequencies of CD14 monocytes in infected women.

Cervicovaginal bacterial communities in reproductive-aged Tanzanian women with Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, or without schistosome infection.

Schistosome infection is recognized as a potentially modifiable risk factor for HIV in women by the World Health Organization. Alterations in cervicovaginal bacteria have been associated with HIV acquisition and have not been studied in schistosome infection. We collected cervical swabs from Tanzanian women with and without S.