Reciprocal and Indirect Effects Among Intervention, Perceived Social Support, and Anxiety Sensitivity Within a Randomized Controlled Trial for Anxiety Disorders.

Social support may facilitate adaptive reappraisal of stressors, including somatic symptoms. Anxiety sensitivity refers to negative beliefs about somatic symptoms of anxiety, which may influence one's perception of social support. Evidence-based treatment may impact these associations.

Mediators of Ethnic Differences in Dropout Rates From a Randomized Controlled Treatment Trial Among Latinx and Non-Latinx White Primary Care Patients With Anxiety Disorders.

Disparities in treatment engagement and adherence based on ethnicity have been widely recognized but are inadequately understood. Few studies have examined treatment dropout among Latinx and non-Latinx White (NLW) individuals. Using Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Service Use (A behavioral model of families' use of health services.

Rare copy number variation in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heritable (h = 24-71%) psychiatric illness. Copy number variation (CNV) is a form of rare genetic variation that has been implicated in the etiology of psychiatric disorders, but no large-scale investigation of CNV in PTSD has been performed. We present an association study of CNV burden and PTSD symptoms in a sample of 114,383 participants (13,036 cases and 101,347 controls) of European ancestry.

Prospective relations between anxiety sensitivity and transdiagnostic anxiety following cognitive-behavioral therapy: Evidence from the Coordinated Anxiety Learning management trial.

Previous research has implicated reductions in anxiety sensitivity (AS) - the dispositional tendency to fear anxiety-related sensations - as critical to change during cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety. However, the relationship of AS to anxiety symptom remittance following CBT remains largely unknown. To address this gap, the current study evaluated prospective associations between AS and symptoms of various anxiety disorders following completion of the Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management (CALM) study- a large clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of a brief, computer-facilitated CBT intervention for transdiagnostic anxiety within primary care.

Examining Individual and Synergistic Contributions of PTSD and Genetics to Blood Pressure: A Trans-Ethnic Meta-Analysis.

Growing research suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be a risk factor for poor cardiovascular health, and yet our understanding of who might be at greatest risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes after trauma is limited. In this study, we conducted the first examination of the individual and synergistic contributions of PTSD symptoms and blood pressure genetics to continuous blood pressure levels. We harnessed the power of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium-PTSD Physical Health Working Group and investigated these associations across 11 studies of 72,224 trauma-exposed individuals of European ( = 70,870) and African ( = 1,354) ancestry.

Genomic influences on self-reported childhood maltreatment.

Childhood maltreatment is highly prevalent and serves as a risk factor for mental and physical disorders. Self-reported childhood maltreatment appears heritable, but the specific genetic influences on this phenotype are largely unknown. The aims of this study were to (1) identify genetic variation associated with self-reported childhood maltreatment, (2) estimate SNP-based heritability (h), (3) assess predictive value of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for childhood maltreatment, and (4) quantify genetic overlap of childhood maltreatment with mental and physical health-related phenotypes, and condition the top hits from our analyses when such overlap is present.

International meta-analysis of PTSD genome-wide association studies identifies sex- and ancestry-specific genetic risk loci.

The risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following trauma is heritable, but robust common variants have yet to be identified. In a multi-ethnic cohort including over 30,000 PTSD cases and 170,000 controls we conduct a genome-wide association study of PTSD. We demonstrate SNP-based heritability estimates of 5-20%, varying by sex.

Genome-wide profiling of DNA methylome and transcriptome in peripheral blood monocytes for major depression: A Monozygotic Discordant Twin Study.

DNA methylation plays an important role in major depressive disorder (MDD), but the specific genes and genomic regions associated with MDD remain largely unknown. Here we conducted genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation (Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip) and gene expression (RNA-seq) in peripheral blood monocytes from 79 monozygotic twin pairs (mean age 38.2 ± 15.

Study Design and Rationale for the Mood and Methylation Study: A Platform for Multi-Omics Investigation of Depression in Twins.

Major depression is a complex disorder with no single, direct causal mechanism. Morbidity has been linked to genetic processes, developmental history, and unique environmental exposures. Epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation, are also likely important factors in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD).

High expectancy and early response produce optimal effects in sertraline treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder.

Background: Better indicators of prognosis are needed to personalise post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments.AimsWe aimed to evaluate early symptom reduction as a predictor of better outcome and examine predictors of early response.

Method: Patients with PTSD (N = 134) received sertraline or prolonged exposure in a randomised trial.

Doubly Randomized Preference Trial of Prolonged Exposure Versus Sertraline for Treatment of PTSD.

Objective: The authors examined the effect of patient treatment preference on the differential effectiveness of prolonged exposure and sertraline for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Method: In a doubly randomized preference trial, 200 patients with PTSD viewed standardized treatment rationales prior to randomization. Patients were first randomized to choice of treatment or no choice.

Change in anxiety sensitivity and substance use coping motives as putative mediators of treatment efficacy among substance users.

Objective: Anxiety sensitivity and coping motives for substance use are processes implicated in anxiety and substance use disorder (SUD) comorbidity, and are malleable treatment targets. Little is known about whether changes in anxiety sensitivity or coping motives during cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders (with or without CBT for SUD) mediate substance use outcomes among patients with comorbid anxiety disorders and SUD. We examined whether changes in anxiety sensitivity and coping motives during treatment for comorbid SUD and anxiety disorders (either CBT for SUD only or CBT for SUD and anxiety disorders) were associated with substance use outcomes.

Who needs more than standard care? Treatment moderators in a randomized clinical trial comparing addiction treatment alone to addiction treatment plus anxiety disorder treatment for comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders.

Introduction: Understanding for whom treatments exert their greatest effects is crucial for prescriptive recommendations that can improve overall treatment efficacy. Anxiety and substance use disorder comorbidity is prevalent and a significant public health concern. Little is known about who should receive specialized, integrated treatments to address both problems.

Childhood Trauma, DNA Methylation of Stress-Related Genes, and Depression: Findings From Two Monozygotic Twin Studies.

Objective: DNA methylation has been associated with both early life stress and depression. This study examined the combined association of DNA methylation at multiple CpG probes in five stress-related genes with depressive symptoms and tested whether these genes methylation mediated the association between childhood trauma and depression in two monozygotic (MZ) twin studies.

Methods: The current analysis comprised 119 MZ twin pairs (84 male pairs [mean = 55 years] and 35 female pairs [mean = 36 years]).

Cultural influences on mental health symptoms in a primary care sample of Latinx patients.

The present study examines how both between group (i.e., ethnic group membership) and within group cultural factors (i.

Randomized clinical trial evaluating the preliminary effectiveness of an integrated anxiety disorder treatment in substance use disorder specialty clinics.

Objective: Anxiety and substance use disorders are highly comorbid and mutually maintain each other. Treatments for anxiety disorders that are well integrated into substance use disorder treatment have the potential to improve both anxiety and substance use outcomes.

Method: Ninety-seven individuals seeking treatment at a community-based, evidence-based intensive outpatient program for substance use disorders who also had anxiety disorders were randomized to either (a) usual care (UC) at the intensive outpatient program; or (b) UC + coordinated anxiety learning and management for addiction recovery centers (CALM ARC), a 7-session, group-based, computer-assisted but therapist-directed treatment for anxiety disorders adapted for individuals with anxiety disorder and substance use disorder comorbidity.

Advancing Personalized Medicine: Application of a Novel Statistical Method to Identify Treatment Moderators in the Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management Study.

There has been increasing recognition of the value of personalized medicine where the most effective treatment is selected based on individual characteristics. This study used a new method to identify a composite moderator of response to evidence-based anxiety treatment (CALM) compared to Usual Care. Eight hundred seventy-six patients diagnosed with one or multiple anxiety disorders were assigned to CALM or Usual Care.

Changes in Physical Activity Barriers among American Indian Elders: A Pilot Study​.

The objective of the present study was to assess whether selfreported physical activity barriers could be reduced among American Indian elders who participated in a 6-week randomized physical activity trial that compared the use of a pedometer only to that of pedometers with step-count goal setting. Elders (N = 32) were compared on the Barriers to Being Physically Active Quiz after participating in a pilot physical activity trial. Elders were classified into high- and low-barrier groups at baseline and compared on self-reported physical activity, health-related quality of life, pedometer step counts, and 6-minute walk performance.