Investigating the influence of work-related stress on early labour market exit: the role of health.

Early labour market exit of large birth cohorts will put pressure on the social security systems of many European countries, especially Germany. Despite political efforts, many people retire before the statutory retirement age. A well-known predictor of retirement is health, which, in turn, is influenced by psychosocial working conditions such as work-related stress.

Outcomes and process evaluation of a cluster-randomised participatory organisational intervention among German healthcare workers.

Background: In the present investigation the results of the outcome and process evaluation of a participatory workplace intervention are reported. The intervention aimed to increase the workers' self-assessed physical and mental work ability.

Methods: The intervention was a two-arm, cluster-randomised trial with healthcare workers in 10 hospitals and one elderly care centre in Germany.

Early retirement intentions: the impact of employment biographies, work stress and health among a baby-boomer generation.

Unlabelled: In recent years, early retirement decisions have become more frequent in the European Union despite political efforts to prevent early retirement. This is a growing problem for the social security system. The study focuses on a life course approach using employment biographies and investigates the influence of work stress and health on early retirement intentions.

Quality of leadership and self-rated health: the moderating role of 'Effort-Reward Imbalance': a longitudinal perspective.

Objective: Longitudinal studies on the influence of leadership behavior on employees' self-rated health are scarce. As a result, potential mechanisms describing the impact of leadership behavior on health have not been adequately investigated so far. The present study accounts for the influence of leadership behavior on self-rated health within the framework of the Effort-Reward Imbalance model.

Informal care-giving and the intention to give up employment: the role of perceived supervisor behaviour in a cohort of German employees.

Current social policies in the European Union addressing employment, retirement and long-term care are expected to result in increasing employment rates among informal carers. The present investigation contributes to previous research by focusing on how specific work-related factors, in this case supervisor behaviour, may facilitate the fulfilment of the demands arising from paid work and care and ultimately influence the desire to give up employment. To this end, population data from the German Cohort Study on Work, Age, Health and Work Participation conducted in 2011 and 2014 are analysed ( = 3916).

Identification of a D-galacturonate reductase efficiently using NADH as a cofactor.

D-galacturonate reductases are catalysing the reversible reduction of D-galacturonate to L-galactonate using NAD(P)H as a cofactor. The enzymes are part of two different pathways. One pathway is the fungal pathway for the catabolism of the main compound of pectin, D-galacturonate.

Anti-Selection & Genetic Testing in Insurance: An Interdisciplinary Perspective.

Anti-selection occurs when information asymmetry exists between insurers and applicants. When an applicant knows they are at high risk of loss, but the insurer does not, the applicant may try to use this knowledge differential to secure insurance at a lower premium that does not match risk.

The Gender Pay Gap: Income Inequality Over Life Course - A Multilevel Analysis.

The gender pay gap has been observed for decades, and still exists. Due to a life course perspective, gender differences in income are analyzed over a period of 24 years. Therefore, this study aims to investigate income trajectories and the differences regarding men and women.

Corrigendum: Assessing the Role of Collective Efficacy Beliefs During Participative Occupational Health Interventions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.

Assessing the Role of Collective Efficacy Beliefs During Participative Occupational Health Interventions.

For group-based participatory interventions in the context of occupational health, no questionnaires exist to assess the participants' active engagement in the interventions. On the basis of the construct of collective efficacy beliefs, this study has developed a questionnaire with which the group-related efficacy beliefs can be assessed as a precondition for participants actively engaging in participative interventions. Participants were drawn from a two-arm cluster-randomized intervention study to fill out the questionnaire.

Towards valorization of pectin-rich agro-industrial residues: Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for co-fermentation of d-galacturonic acid and glycerol.

Pectin-rich plant biomass residues represent underutilized feedstocks for industrial biotechnology. The conversion of the oxidized monomer d-galacturonic acid (d-GalUA) to highly reduced fermentation products such as alcohols is impossible due to the lack of electrons. The reduced compound glycerol has therefore been considered an optimal co-substrate, and a cell factory able to efficiently co-ferment these two carbon sources is in demand.

On the effect of uncertainty on personal vaccination decisions.

This study investigates the effect of ambiguity on personal vaccination decisions. We first characterize the vaccination decision in the absence of ambiguity. We then show that uncertainty about the probability of side effects and the efficacy of the vaccine always reduces take-up under ambiguity aversion.

A fresh look at primary prevention for health risks.

The author analyzes how risk preferences affect primary prevention for health risks using Kihlstrom and Mirman (1974) transformation function approach. This ensures consistency of ordinal preferences. Higher risk aversion may increase or decrease optimal prevention depending on a probability threshold.

Neighborhood environment, social participation, and physical activity in older adults with lower limb osteoarthritis: A mediation analysis.

Older adults with lower limb osteoarthritis (LLOA) are highly dependent on their physical and social environment for being physically active. Longitudinal data from 2286 older adults (M = 73.8 years; 50.

How social preferences provide effort incentives in situations of financial support.

When people anticipate financial support, they may reduce preventive effort. We conjecture that the source of financial support can mitigate this moral hazard effect due to social preferences. We compare effort choices when another individual voluntarily provides financial support against effort choices under purely monetary incentives.

Working conditions of healthcare workers and clients' satisfaction with care: study protocol and baseline results of a cluster-randomised workplace intervention.

Background: In the present investigation the study protocol and the results at baseline of a workplace intervention are reported. It is hypothesised that the reduction of the physical and psychosocial workload of healthcare workers increases 1 their self-assessed physical and mental work ability, and 2. clients' satisfaction with care.

Factors Associated With Functional Decline in Hand and Hip/Knee Osteoarthritis After One Year: Data From a Population-Based Study.

Objective: To investigate factors that together with hand or hip/knee osteoarthritis (OA) could contribute to functional decline over a year's time in elderly individuals.

Methods: The data of 1,886 individuals between ages 65 and 85 years in a prospective, observational population-based study with 12-18 months of follow-up in the context of the European Project on Osteoarthritis were analyzed. The outcome measures were self-reported hand and hip/knee functional decline, evaluated using a minimum clinically important difference of 4 on the Australian/Canadian Hand OA Index and of 2 on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index hip/knee physical function subscales, both normalized to 0-100.

Medical Students' Acquaintance with Core Concepts, Institutions and Guidelines on Good Scientific Practice: A Pre- and Post-questionnaire Survey.

German medical students are not sufficiently introduced to the ethical principles and pitfalls of scientific work. Therefore, a compulsory course on good scientific practice (GSP) has been developed and implemented into the curriculum of medical students, with the goal to foster scientific integrity and prevent scientific misconduct. Students' knowledge and attitudes towards GSP were evaluated by a pre-post-teaching questionnaire survey (n = 239).

Association Between Osteoarthritis and Social Isolation: Data From the EPOSA Study.

Objective: To determine whether there is an association between osteoarthritis (OA) and incident social isolation using data from the European Project on OSteoArthritis (EPOSA) study.

Design: Prospective, observational study with 12 to 18 months of follow-up.

Setting: Community dwelling.

Minimal clinically important decline in physical function over one year: EPOSA study.

Background: The Australian/Canadian hand Osteoarthritis Index (AUSCAN) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities knee and hip Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) are the most commonly used clinical tools to manage and monitor osteoarthritis (OA). Few studies have as yet reported longitudinal changes in the AUSCAN index regarding the hand. While there are published data regarding WOMAC assessments of the hip and the knee, the two sites have always evaluated separately.

Development of microtiter plate scale CRISPR/Cas9 transformation method for based on in vitro assembled ribonucleoprotein complexes.

Background: The CRISPR/Cas9 is currently the predominant technology to enhance the genome editing efficiency in eukaryotes. Established tools for many fungal species exist while most of them are based on in vivo expressed Cas9 and guide RNA (gRNA). Alternatively, in vitro assembled Cas9 and gRNA ribonucleoprotein complexes can be used in genome editing, however, only a few examples have been reported in fungi.

Microbial hexuronate catabolism in biotechnology.

The most abundant hexuronate in plant biomass is D-galacturonate. D-Galacturonate is the main constituent of pectin. Pectin-rich biomass is abundantly available as sugar beet pulp or citrus processing waste and is currently mainly used as cattle feed.

Within-person pain variability and physical activity in older adults with osteoarthritis from six European countries.

Background: This study examines the association of both pain severity and within-person pain variability with physical activity (PA) in older adults with osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Data from the European Project on OSteoArthritis were used. At baseline, clinical classification criteria of the American College of Rheumatology were used to diagnose OA in older adults (65-85 years).

Why Is Social Isolation Among Older Adults Associated with Depressive Symptoms? The Mediating Role of Out-of-Home Physical Activity.

Background: Social networks are known to be a key factor associated with late-life depression. However, there is limited knowledge about the pathways linking social isolation to mental health. It has been proposed that health-related behaviors such as physical activity represent one pathway.