Cold Tolerance of Immature Stages of Ceratitis capitata and Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a new fruit fly pest of some fruit types in the north and north eastern areas of South Africa. In order to determine whether existing cold disinfestation treatment schedules for an indigenous fruit fly pest: Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) would be effective for B. dorsalis, cold tolerances of four immature stages of the two species were compared.

Are Yeast Autolysate Attractants for Ceratitis Species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South Africa More Attractive and Palatable Than a Currently Used Protein Attractant?

Due to increasing usage of copper fungicides in citrus orchards shortly before the application of protein baits for fruit fly control and the risk of this combination causing fruit phytotoxicity, an investigation of attractants containing higher amounts of yeast autolysate rather than protein hydrolysate was conducted. A commercial yeast autolysate from Australia was less attractive than a South African product HymLure (with a mixture of autolysate and hydrolysate) to three Ceratitis species: Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Ceratitis rosa s.s.

The Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus-10 years of commercial field use.

In the last 15 years, extensive work on the Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV) has been conducted in South Africa, initially in the laboratory, but subsequently also in the field. This culminated in the registration of the first CrleGV-based biopesticide in 2004 (hence, the 10 years of commercial use in the field) and the second one three years later. Since 2000, more than 50 field trials have been conducted with CrleGV against the false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta, on citrus in South Africa.

Cold treatment of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in oranges using a larval endpoint.

South Africa currently exports fresh citrus (Citrus spp.) fruit to Japan using an in-transit cold treatment protocol of 14 d or 12 d at temperatures <0 degrees C for treatment of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in 'Clementine' mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and other citrus types, respectively. To reduce the risk of chilling injury with this treatment, research was conducted with temperatures >0 degrees C.