The mutational spectrum of NRAS gene discovers a novel frameshift mutation (E49R) in Saudi colorectal cancer patients.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem the world face currently and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. CRC is genetically heterogeneous and multiple genetic aberrations may appear on course of the disease throughout patient's lifetime. Genetic biomarkers such as BRAF, KRAS, and NRAS may provide early precision treatment options that are crucial for patient survival and well-being.

Untangling the complex mechanisms associated with Alzheimer's disease in elderly patients using high-throughput RNA sequencing data and next-generation knowledge discovery methods: Focus on potential gene signatures and drugs for dementia.

Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects elderly individuals. This study aimed to elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying AD in elderly patients compared with healthy aged individuals using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data and next-generation knowledge discovery methods (NGKD), with a focus on identifying potential therapeutic agents.

Methods: High-throughput RNA-seq data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (accession number: GSE104704).

Interleukin-33 mediated regulation of microRNAs in human cord blood-derived mast cells: Implications for infection, immunity, and inflammation.

Mast cell (MCs) activation is the driving force of immune responses in several inflammatory diseases, including asthma and allergies. MCs are immune cells found throughout the body and are equipped with numerous surface receptors that allow them to respond to external signals from parasites and bacteria as well as to intrinsic signals such as cytokines. Upon activation, MCs release various mediators and proteases that contribute to inflammation.

Evaluation of serum biomarkers after intra-articular injection of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of knee osteoarthritis.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disorder characterized by joint pain, functional impairment, and disability. The current study investigated the therapeutic effects of intra-articular injection of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs) in rats with knee OA.

Methods: Fourty five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (A-C) and received either an intra-articular injection of normal saline (NS) or rBM-MSCs.

Discovery of a novel mutation F184S (c.551T>C) in GATA4 gene causing congenital heart disease in a consanguineous Saudi family.

Background & Aim: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of non-infectious deaths in infants worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CHD remain unclear. Approximately 30 % of the causes are believed to be genetic mutations and chromosomal abnormalities.

Synthesis and molecular docking analysis of MBH adducts' derived amides as potential inhibitors.

Humans suffer from various diseases that require more specific drugs to target them. Among the different potent agents, s serve as good antibacterial agents; however, s are resistant to such antibiotics. The present study was designed to prepare efficient inhibitor amides (12-15) from inexpensive, easily accessible, and bioactive precursors; Morita Baylis Hillman (MBH) adducts (5-8).

Current genetic models for studying congenital heart diseases: Advantages and disadvantages.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) encompasses a diverse range of structural and functional anomalies that affect the heart and the major blood vessels. Epidemiological studies have documented a global increase in CHD prevalence, which can be attributed to advancements in diagnostic technologies. Extensive research has identified a plethora of CHD-related genes, providing insights into the biochemical pathways and molecular mechanisms underlying this pathological state.

KDM3A knockdown regulates COMP, LOX, COL8A1 and ACOT1 genes in myocardial fibrosis.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of death in Saudi Arabia. Cardiac remodeling plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Major focus of our study was to identify crucial genes involved in the pathological remodeling of the heart caused by pressure overload.

Screening, awareness and challenges for colorectal cancer treatment in Saudi Arabia: an update.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in the world. In Saudi Arabia, CRC is the most common cancer in males and the third most common in females, and its incidence rate is rising as the country continues to develop. However, the country does not have a national CRC screening program for CRC.

Expression pattern, prognostic value and potential microRNA silencing of FZD8 in breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most widespread types of cancer affecting females, and therefore, early diagnosis is critical. BC is a complex heterogeneous disease affected by several key pathways. Among these, WNT proteins and their frizzled receptors (FZD) have been demonstrated to be crucial in regulating a number of cellular and molecular events in BC tumorigenesis.

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy presenting as bilateral visual loss and white matter disease.

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a rare maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder that typically affects young male adults in their second and third decades of life. It usually manifests as painless, subacute, progressive, bilateral vision loss, with more than 90% of affected individuals losing their vision before age 50. Compared with other diseases that cause optic neuritis (multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders), LHON has worsening visual function in the first 6-12 months of disease progression, is predominantly male, the optic nerve is affected bilaterally from onset, there is no gadolinium enhancement on MRI, no response to disease-modifying therapy, and there is a family history of mutation in mitochondrial DNA.

Integration of palliative care in the management of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral Squamous cell Cancers (OSCC) is strongly associated with tobacco consumption. We here in present a case study of a OSCC patient who refused standard oncological care (SOC), to highlight the importance of integrating palliative care (PC) for improved patient outcomes. A 61 years male patient, with history of chewing tobacco for more than 20 years and diagnosed to have OSCC for 1.

5‑Fluorouracil and capecitabine therapies for the treatment of colorectal cancer (Review).

Although 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU)‑based chemotherapy is the major treatment for colorectal cancer, it has disadvantages such as systemic toxicity, lack of effectiveness and selectivity, and development of resistance. Capecitabine, a prodrug form of 5‑FU, was designed to overcome these drawbacks, to fulfill the need for more convenient therapy, and to improve safety, tolerability and intratumor drug concentration levels through a tumor‑specific conversion to the active 5‑FU drug. The purpose of the present review is to provide a comprehensive comparison between 5‑FU therapy and capecitabine.

Herpesvirus entry mediator as a potential biomarker in breast cancer compared with conventional cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte‑associated antigen 4.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide, with 2.3 million cases recorded in 2020. Despite improvements in cancer treatment, patients with BC still succumb to the disease, due to regional and distant metastases when diagnosed at later stages.

Exploration of potential molecular mechanisms and genotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs using next generation knowledge discovery methods.

Background & Objectives: Accurate identification of molecular and toxicological functions of potential drug candidates is crucial for drug discovery and development. This may aid in the evaluation of the risks of genotoxicity and carcinogenesis. In addition, in silico characterization of existing and new drugs might offer clues for future investigations and aid in the development of anticancer treatments.

Immunoprofiling of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus- a pilot study.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting different organ systems. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of 30 different human cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in human plasma to understand the role of these markers in the pathogenicity of SLE using Luminex Multiple Analyte Profiling (xMAP) technology. Plasma samples were obtained from patients with SLE (n = 28), osteoarthritis (OA) (n = 9), and healthy individuals (n = 12) were obtained.

The clusterin connectome: Emerging players in chondrocyte biology and putative exploratory biomarkers of osteoarthritis.

Introduction: Clusterin is a moonlighting protein that has many functions. It is a multifunctional holdase chaperone glycoprotein that is present intracellularly and extracellularly in almost all bodily fluids. Clusterin is involved in lipid transport, cell differentiation, regulation of apoptosis, and clearance of cellular debris, and plays a protective role in ensuring cellular survival.

Corrigendum: Human Wharton's Jelly stem cell (hWJSC) extracts inhibit ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR3 and SKOV3 by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.

Role of the antineoplastic drug bleomycin based on toxicogenomic-DNA damage inducing (TGx-DDI) genomic biomarkers data: A meta-analysis.

Objectives: Accurately identifying the cellular, biomolecular, and toxicological functions of anticancer drugs help to decipher the potential risk of genotoxicity and other side effects. Here, we examined bleomycin for cellular, molecular and toxicological mechanisms using next-generation knowledge discovery (NGKD) tools.

Methods: This study was conducted at the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in October 2022.