Publications by authors named "Peter Park"

Objective: Shoulder pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder, affecting up to 70% of adults over their lifetime. Recently radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has gained attention as a treatment for joint pain. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of internally cooled RFA (icRFA) in alleviating shoulder pain and improving both qualitative and quantitative measures of shoulder function.

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Bow hunter's syndrome is a rare syndrome of dynamic compression of the vertebral artery leading to recurrent posterior circulation stroke and/or transient ischaemic attack. The artery is compressed by the transverse process of a cervical vertebra or other structures. We describe a man in his 20s who had recurrent posterior circulation strokes confirmed on CT perfusion imaging before a dynamic left vertebral artery stenosis was found on neck manoeuvres during digital subtraction angiography.

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Background: Inadequate management of atrial fibrillation (AF) after stroke is associated with a worse prognosis, and the impact of early rhythm control with catheter ablation (CA) on neurological outcomes in these patients is poorly understood.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the impact of early rhythm control with CA in patients with new-onset AF at the time of stroke.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational study of patients hospitalized with stroke and new-onset AF from 2021 to 2023.

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Background: Implantable cardiac monitors (ICMs) provide valuable insights into managing atrial fibrillation (AF). Data suggest that ICMs increase AF detection, but their impact on management is still uncertain.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate and to compare the impact of ICMs on the clinical management of AF.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents unique challenges for young adult men that extend beyond physical symptoms, encompassing psychosocial dimensions affecting all aspects of life. This article draws insights from a roundtable discussion facilitated by the Crohn's and Colitis Young Adults Network (CCYAN), focusing on the experiences of young men living with IBD. It sheds light on the intersections of IBD and men's sexual and reproductive health, fertility, and mental well-being while identifying gaps in care.

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Human forecasting accuracy improves through the "wisdom of the crowd" effect, in which aggregated predictions tend to outperform individual ones. Past research suggests that individual large language models (LLMs) tend to underperform compared to human crowd aggregates. We simulate a wisdom of the crowd effect with LLMs.

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The dynamic three-dimensional (3D) organization of the human genome (the "4D Nucleome") is closely linked to genome function. Here, we integrate a wide variety of genomic data generated by the 4D Nucleome Project to provide a detailed view of human 3D genome organization in widely used embryonic stem cells (H1-hESCs) and immortalized fibroblasts (HFFc6). We provide extensive benchmarking of 3D genome mapping assays and integrate these diverse datasets to annotate spatial genomic features across scales.

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Article Synopsis
  • Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is used as an alternative stroke prevention method for patients who cannot take blood thinners, but pulmonary artery injury (PAI) is a rare and serious complication associated with it.
  • A review of previous PAI cases and data from the FDA's MAUDE database identified 36 cases, predominantly involving older patients, and highlighted that PAI often presents soon after the procedure, with a significant percentage requiring surgery.
  • The study emphasizes the need for heightened awareness of PAI symptoms post-LAAC, especially concerning rapid fluid accumulation around the heart, even without clear predictive signs from imaging or clinical details.
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  • Neurogenomic regulation is vital for normal neuronal function due to the long-lived nature of human neurons, with diverse genome copy number alterations (CNA) linked to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions.
  • This study assessed over 5,897 CNAs in more than 1,200 single neurons from postmortem human brains, revealing that up to 45% of neurons in the prenatal cortex exhibited significant genomic alterations, which drastically decreased during the perinatal period.
  • The findings suggest that mechanisms of genomic quality control selectively eliminate neurons with critical CNAs, indicating that perinatal clearance of defective genomes is a crucial process for maintaining cognitive function and neurodevelopment.
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  • * A study using deep whole-genome sequencing of brain neurons found that SCZ cases had more somatic mutations in regions of active gene expression compared to controls.
  • * These somatic mutations, particularly at transcription factor binding sites, may affect gene expression related to SCZ and contribute to its development during brain formation.
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  • * Nanomedicine, particularly through engineered nanoparticles (NPs), offers potential solutions for delivering therapies directly to affected brain areas, overcoming BBB challenges.
  • * The review highlights the classification of NPs into organic and inorganic types based on properties that affect drug delivery and monitoring, aiming to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Purpose Of Review: In this review, we outline the different etiologies of osteoporosis in the oncologic setting and describe the basis for using PET/CT as screening tool for osteoporosis with a focus on the radiotracers [F]FDG and [F]NaF.

Recent Findings: Osteoporosis is a condition commonly affecting cancer patients due to their age, cancer-specific treatment agents, and effects of cancer. In terms of the unifying mechanism, decreased ratio of osteoblast-bone formation to osteoclast-bone resorption is responsible for causing osteoporosis.

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Background: The PARP inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib is approved for homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene-altered metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, there is significant heterogeneity in response to PARPi in patients with mCRPC. Better clinical biomarkers are needed to identify patients likely to benefit from PARPi.

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Accurate detection of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in cancer patients is paramount in clinical applications, as HRD confers sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. With the advances in genome sequencing technology, mutational profiling on a genome-wide scale has become readily accessible, and our knowledge of the genomic consequences of HRD has been greatly expanded and refined. Here, we review the recent advances in HRD detection methods.

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The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has sparked considerable interest in their potential application in psychological research, mainly as a model of the human psyche or as a general text-analysis tool. However, the trend of using LLMs without sufficient attention to their limitations and risks, which we rhetorically refer to as "GPTology", can be detrimental given the easy access to models such as ChatGPT. Beyond existing general guidelines, we investigate the current limitations, ethical implications, and potential of LLMs specifically for psychological research, and show their concrete impact in various empirical studies.

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  • Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols aim to reduce opioid use and hospital stay duration in patients undergoing implant-based breast reconstruction, with the study focusing on three groups: a historical cohort, an ERAS group without blocks, and an ERAS group using local anesthetic cocktails.* -
  • The study analyzed outcomes for 142 women and found significant reductions in postanesthesia care unit (PACU) length of stay (LOS) and opioid consumption across the ERAS and anesthetic cocktail group compared to the control group.* -
  • The findings suggest that incorporating local anesthetic blocks into ERAS protocols decreases opioid use post-surgery, highlighting their value in improving recovery outcomes for breast reconstruction patients.*
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Garrett and Braunstein introduced the concept of the "seat belt sign" in motor vehicle collision (MVC) victims. They defined this as abdominal wall bruising from a lap belt. These signs of trauma are not uncommon.

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  • - Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common heart rhythm disorder, and the way it's treated in emergency rooms varies widely, affecting patient care and access to effective treatments.
  • - The study, which involved 500 patients, compared outcomes between those treated through an organized pathway for AF and those receiving routine care, finding significant advantages for the organized approach.
  • - Results showed that patients on the organized pathway had faster access to treatments like ablation and anticoagulation, leading to shorter hospital stays and better overall outcomes compared to the control group.
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This paper argues that a range of current AI systems have learned how to deceive humans. We define deception as the systematic inducement of false beliefs in the pursuit of some outcome other than the truth. We first survey empirical examples of AI deception, discussing both special-use AI systems (including Meta's CICERO) and general-purpose AI systems (including large language models).

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  • Improvements in single-cell whole-genome sequencing (scWGS) have allowed for better analysis of somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) on a single-cell basis, making it possible to observe genetic variations within individual cells.
  • The newly developed tool HiScanner combines various data metrics to identify CNAs with greater precision, outperforming existing methods in simulated tests and real high-coverage scWGS data from human brain cells.
  • HiScanner's application revealed detailed differences in CNA patterns between neuron types and tracked evolutionary changes in tumor cells by integrating CNAs with point mutations across meningioma samples.
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  • Traditional guidelines recommend preserving 700 cc of liver during radiation treatment to minimize the risk of liver failure, but this study explores using SPECT imaging to better identify and protect functional liver tissue in patients with diminished liver volume from previous treatments.
  • The phase I trial involved 12 patients with colorectal liver metastases, all having received prior chemotherapy, and assessed safety by monitoring for toxicities after high-dose liver-directed radiotherapy.
  • Results showed that incorporating SPECT imaging allowed for safe administration of higher radiation doses without dose-limiting toxicities, achieving a 57% in-field control rate and a 73% overall survival rate after one year.
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Insertion of active retroelements-L1s, s, and SVAs-can disrupt proper genome function and lead to various disorders including cancer. However, the role of retroelements (DNRTs) in birth defects and childhood cancers has not been well characterized due to the lack of adequate data and efficient computational tools. Here, we examine whole-genome sequencing data of 3,244 trios from 12 birth defect and childhood cancer cohorts in the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program.

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Short-cationic alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides (SCHAMPs) are promising candidates to combat the growing global threat of antimicrobial resistance. They are short-sequenced, selective against bacteria, and have rapid action by destroying membranes. A full understanding of their mechanism of action will provide key information to design more potent and selective SCHAMPs.

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Persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) is one of the most bothersome and disabling long-term complications after inguinal hernia repair surgery. Understanding perioperative risk factors that contribute to PPSP can help identify high-risk patients and develop risk-mitigation approaches. The objective of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze risk factors that contribute to PPSP after inguinal hernia repair.

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Objective: To create a data-driven definition of post-COVID conditions (PCC) by directly measure changes in symptomatology before and after a first COVID episode.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective cohort study using Optum® de-identified Electronic Health Record (EHR) dataset from the United States of persons of any age April 2020-September 2021. For each person with COVID (ICD-10-CM U07.

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