Comparison of pharmacists' scoring of fall risk to other fall risk assessments.

Objectives: Given their professional education and participation within the health care system, pharmacists are ideal candidates to assess drug-associated fall risk for patients. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether pharmacists can quantitatively differentiate individuals who reported falling within the previous year (fallers) from those who do not (nonfallers), and to compare the pharmacists' evaluation with 2 recently published fall risk assessments.

Design: Cross-sectional design of pharmacists' assessments of fall risk.

Development and evaluation of the medication-based index of physical function (MedIP).

Background: the development of an objective and comprehensive drug-based index of physical function for older adults has the potential to more accurately predict fall risk.

Design: the index was developed using 862 adults (ages 57-85) from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) Wave 1 study. The index was evaluated in 70 adults (ages 51-88) from a rehabilitation study of dizziness and balance.

Student Performance in a Pharmacotherapy Oncology Module Before and After Flipping the Classroom.

Objective. To determine if a flipped classroom improved student examination performance in a pharmacotherapy oncology module. Design.

A Subgroup Analysis of the Impact of Self-testing Frequency on Examination Scores in a Pathophysiology Course.

Objective: To determine if the frequency of self-testing of course material prior to actual examination improves examination scores, regardless of the actual scores on the self-testing.

Methods: Practice quizzes were randomly generated from a total of 1342 multiple-choice questions in pathophysiology and made available online for student self-testing. Intercorrelations, 2-way repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc tests, and 2-group comparisons following rank ordering, were conducted.

Pharmacy student self-testing as a predictor of examination performance.

Objectives: To determine if student self-testing improves performance during a doctor of pharmacy course.

Methods: Students were given access to online quizzes with a large pool of randomly selected questions specific to upcoming examination content. Quizzes were electronically scored immediately upon completion and students were provided corrective feedback.

Exacerbation of celecoxib-induced renal injury by concomitant administration of misoprostol in rats.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can produce adverse effects by inhibiting prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. A PGE1 analogue, misoprostol, is often utilized to alleviate NSAID-related gastrointestinal side effects. This study examined the effect of misoprostol on celecoxib renal toxicity.

Effects of rebamipide on nephrotoxicity associated with selected NSAIDs in rats.

Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is primarily limited by renal and gastrointestinal adverse effects. Rebamipide suppresses gastric mucosal injury when administered with NSAIDs. This study aimed to determine rebamipide's influence upon renal effects following concomitant use with celecoxib or diclofenac.

Lidocaine iontophoresis mediates analgesia in lateral epicondylalgia treatment.

Background And Purpose: Iontophoresis transcutaneously delivers anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs for the treatment of musculoskeletal dysfunction. Lidocaine is a local anaesthetic with analgesic but no anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the clinical use of lidocaine iontophoresis-mediated analgesia in a larger treatment algorithm for five patients with lateral humeral epicondylalgia.

The influence of voluntary tonic EMG level on the vestibular-evoked myogenic potential.

Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are proposed as a reliable test to supplement the current vestibular test battery by providing diagnostic information about saccular and/or inferior vestibular nerve function. VEMPs are short-latency electromyograms (EMGs) evoked by high-level acoustic stimuli and recorded from surface electrodes over the tonically contracted sternocleidomastoid muscle. VEMP amplitude is influenced by the EMG level, which must be controlled.

Quantification of total dexamethasone phosphate delivery by iontophoresis.

The total amount of dexamethasone phosphate transferred into the human body as a function of iontophoresis has not previously been determined, despite its widespread clinical use in the treatment of localized inflammation. The objective of this study was to document the optimal parameters required for clinical iontophoresis of dexamethasone phophate. Results were achieved by the experiment of in vitro evalutations of dexamethasone phosphate iontophoresis and by in vivo estimations of drug amounts (milligrams) iontophoresed into healthy human volunteers.

Effects of iontophoresis current magnitude and duration on dexamethasone deposition and localized drug retention.

Background And Purpose: Iontophoresis is a process that uses bipolar electric fields to propel molecules across intact skin and into underlying tissue. The purpose of this study was to describe and experimentally examine an iontophoresis drug delivery model.

Subjects And Methods: A mechanistic model describing delivery was studied in vitro using agarose gels and was further tested in vivo by evaluation of cutaneous vasoconstriction following iontophoresis in human volunteers.

Failure to detect dexamethasone phosphate in the local venous blood postcathodic lontophoresis in humans.

Study Design: A single-blind, 2-factor (4 treatments by 8 time points) repeated-measures study design.

Objective: To analytically determine dexamethasone and dexamethasone phosphate concentrations in plasma derived from proximal effluent venous blood, following cathodic iontophoresis.

Methods And Measures: Six volunteers received the following dexamethasone phosphate (2.