[Clavicle shaft fractures in childhood and adolescence : Consensus report of the Pediatric Traumatology Section of the German Society for Trauma Surgery].

Introduction: Clavicle shaft fractures are among the most common fractures in childhood and adolescence. In the past they were almost exclusively treated conservatively but in recent years there has been an increase in surgical treatment. Nevertheless, exact recommendations for the choice of diagnostics and for the treatment regimen do not yet exist.

Greenstick fractures of the proximal metaphyseal tibia: a retrospective multicenter study on the outcome after non-surgical or surgical treatment and the occurrence of posttraumatic tibia valga.

Purpose: This study investigates the occurrence of (progressive) posttraumatic valgus deformity after proximal metaphyseal greenstick fractures of the tibia in young children, and whether non-surgical or surgical treatment influences the outcome.

Methods: A retrospective multi-center study was conducted including surveys and X-rays of patients < 12 years of age with a fracture of the proximal tibia. In patients with greenstick fractures, the medial proximal tibia angle (MPTA; defined as the angle of the tibial axis and the joint-line of the knee) was measured at trauma, short-term follow-up (st-FU), and long-term FU (lt-FU) as defined for the 2 groups of non-surgically and surgically treated patients.

[Shaft fractures of the lower limb in adolescents].

Shaft fractures of the lower extremities are rare during adolescence. Conservative treatment is no longer used for the upper leg and the significance is declining for the lower leg, as only minor axis deviations and malrotations of the shaft are acceptable and conservative therapy is associated with severe impairments in the daily routine; however, conservative treatment is still an option for femoral fractures in children < 3 years of age and for stable fractures of the lower leg. Various osteosynthesis procedures can be used depending on the body weight and epiphyseal maturation.

Failure analysis and recommendations for treatment of posttraumatic non-unions of the distal humerus during childhood.

Purpose: Non-unions of the distal humerus are rare complications of common children's fractures such as radial condyle fractures and supracondylar fractures. The aim of this paper was to update the knowledge about etiology, reasons, management, and results of these troublesome, and sometimes debilitating entities.

Methods: The sparse literature concerning nonunions following condylar or supracondylar fractures was analyzed together with the presentation of some typical clinical cases.

[Diaphyseal and metaphyseal femoral fractures in childhood].

Femoral fractures in childhood are rare and are usually the result of severe trauma. Conservative treatment (overhead extension, hip spica cast) can be used in children up to 3 years of age and beyond that elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) is the method of choice. The prognosis is very good if the surgical technique is adequate.

Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) of pediatric metacarpal fractures: experiences with 66 cases.

Introduction: Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) is the first-choice surgical technique for stabilizing various pediatric diaphyseal and selected metaphyseal fractures of the long bones. This technique has increasingly been applied in fractures of the small bones. Here, we report experiences with ESIN in displaced fractures of the metacarpals in children.

[Osteosynthesis in proximal forearm fractures in children].

Objective: Closed reduction and fixation of displaced proximal radial neck or ulnar fractures with elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN); prevention of circulatory disturbances and functional deficits following open reduction.

Indications: Proximal radial neck fractures > 45 degrees displacement (< 10 years of age) or > 20 degrees (> 10 years of age); proximal extraarticular ulnar fractures > 10 degrees malalignment; combination injuries (Monteggia fracture, Monteggia-equivalent injury).

Contraindications: Minimally displaced or undisplaced fractures.

Delayed healing of forearm shaft fractures in children after intramedullary nailing.

Background: In displaced and unstable forearm shaft fractures, elastic stable intramedullary nailing represents the current treatment of choice. Delayed healing has been observed in single cases, but the incidence of healing disturbances remains unclear.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients with forearm shaft fractures and open epiphyseal plates, treated with elastic stable intramedullary nailing between 2000 and 2004 in 5 pediatric trauma units, was conducted.

State-of-the-art treatment of forearm shaft fractures.

As the treatment of pediatric forearm shaft fractures has changed extensively over the past 30 years, it is worth discussing the current treatment modalities in these fractures. The recommendations are based on an ongoing evaluation of treatment procedures, problems, complications, and final results going back to 1976. Between 1976 and 1985, the 95.

Treatment decision, method of osteosynthesis, and outcome in radial neck fractures in children: a multicenter study.

To determine whether closed elastic-stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) of radial neck fractures in children is accepted as standard procedure with satisfactory results, a prospective multicenter case collection study was conducted. Sixty-six cases from 12 departments were analyzed during 2 years. Thirty-six fractures of Judet 1 or 2 grade (54.