Performing [F]MFBG Long-Axial-Field-of-View PET/CT Without Sedation or General Anesthesia for Imaging of Children with Neuroblastoma.

Meta-[I]iodobenzylguanidine ([I]MIBG) scintigraphy with SPECT/CT is the standard of care for diagnosing and monitoring neuroblastoma. Replacing [I]MIBG with the new PET tracer meta-[F]fluorobenzylguanidine ([F]MFBG) and further improving sensitivity and reducing noise in a new long-axial-field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT scanner enable increased image quality and a faster acquisition time, allowing examinations to be performed without sedation or general anesthesia (GA). Focusing on feasibility, we present our first experience with [F]MFBG LAFOV PET/CT and compare it with [I]MIBG scintigraphy plus SPECT/CT for imaging in neuroblastoma in children.

Effects of Peptide Receptor Radiotherapy in Patients with Advanced Paraganglioma and Pheochromocytoma: A Nation-Wide Cohort Study.

Introduction: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumours that originate from chromaffin cells within the adrenal medulla or extra-adrenal sympathetic ganglia. Management of disseminated or metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas continues to pose challenges and relies on limited evidence.

Method: In this study, we report retrospective data on median overall survival (OS) and median progression-free survival (PFS) for all Danish patients treated with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with Lu-Dotatate or Y-Dotatate over the past 15 years.

Responses to Medical Treatment in 192 Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Referred to the Copenhagen Neuroendocrine Tumour Centre in 2000-2020.

Background: Given the rarity and heterogeneity of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNEN), treatment algorithms and sequencing are primarily guided by expert opinions with limited evidence.

Aim: To investigate overall survival (OS), median progression-free survival (mPFS), and prognostic factors associated with the most common medical treatments for pNEN.

Methods: Retrospective single-center study encompassing patients diagnosed and monitored between 2000 and 2020 (n = 192).

Long-term effects of high-dose systemic corticosteroids on growth and bone mineral density in patients treated for childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD).

Background: Children's interstitial lung disease (chILD) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. For many chILD conditions, systemic corticosteroids (sCCS) are considered the primary treatment despite a broad spectrum of potential side effects.

Aim: We aimed to determine the long-term effects of sCCS treatment on growth, bone mineral density (BMD), and body composition after chILD.

Glomerular filtration rate measurement during platinum treatment for urothelial carcinoma: optimal methods for clinical practice.

Background: We assessed the accuracy of four estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) methods: MDRD, Cockcroft-Gault, CKD-EPI, and Wright.

Method: The four methods were compared to measure GFR (mGFR) in patients with urothelial urinary tract cancer (T2-T4bNxMx) receiving platinum-based chemotherapy at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, from January 2019 to December 2021. Using standardized assays, creatinine values were measured, and mGFR was determined using Technetium-99 m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-99 m-DTPA) or Cr-51-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Cr-51-EDTA) plasma clearance.

Intravascular volumes and the influence on anemia assessed by a carbon monoxide rebreathing method in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Introduction: Fluid overload is a major challenge in hemodialysis patients and might cause hypervolemia. We speculated that hemodialysis patients reaching dry weight could have undetected hypervolemia and low hemoglobin (Hb) concentration (g/dL) due to hemodilution.

Methods: The study included hemodialysis patients (n = 22) and matched healthy controls (n = 22).

Techniques to Assess the Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Blood Volume in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors exert a kidney protective effect in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Several mechanisms have been proposed, but why precisely SGLT2 inhibition has a kidney protective effect is incompletely understood. Clinical trials using SGLT2 inhibitors have found them to induce a rapid weight loss likely due to loss of sodium and subsequently fluid.

Imaging surveillance in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Ten years of experience with somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography.

Guidelines for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) recommend intensive imaging surveillance without specifying a superior regimen, including the role of somatostatin receptor imaging (SRI) with positron emission tomography (PET). The primary outcomes were to: (1) Assess change in treatment of duodenal-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (DP-NENs), bronchopulmonary NENs, and thymic tumors attributed to use of SRI PET/computed tomography (CT) and (2) estimate radiation from imaging and risk of cancer death attributed to imaging radiation. This was a retrospective single center study, including all MEN1 patients, who had had at least one SRI PET/CT.

Treatment-induced increase in total body potassium in patients at high risk of ventricular arrhythmias; a randomized POTCAST substudy.

Objective: Hypokalemia is associated with increased risk of arrhythmias and it is recommended to monitor plasma potassium (p-K) regularly in at-risk patients with cardiovascular diseases. It is poorly understood if administration of potassium supplements and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) aimed at increasing p-K also increases intracellular potassium.

Methods: Adults aged≥18 years with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) were randomized (1:1) to a control group or to an intervention that included guidance on potassium rich diets, potassium supplements, and MRA to increase p-K to target levels of 4.

Validation of a clinically applicable device for fast and accurate quantification of blood volume.

Introduction: Determination of blood volume (BV) using the dual-isotope (e.g., Tc-labeled red blood cells [ Tc-RBC] and I-labeled human serum albumin [ I-HSA]) injection method is limited in medicine due to the long isotope half-life.

Correction: Systematic cascade screening in the Danish Fabry Disease Centre: 20 years of a national single-centre experience.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

An Investigation of Lesion Detection Accuracy for Artificial Intelligence-Based Denoising of Low-Dose Cu-DOTATATE PET Imaging in Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Frequent somatostatin receptor PET, for example, Cu-DOTATATE PET, is part of the diagnostic work-up of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), resulting in high accumulated radiation doses. Scan-related radiation exposure should be minimized in accordance with the as-low-as-reasonably achievable principle, for example, by reducing injected radiotracer activity. Previous investigations found that reducing Cu-DOTATATE activity to below 50 MBq results in inadequate image quality and lesion detection.

Systematic cascade screening in the Danish Fabry Disease Centre: 20 years of a national single-centre experience.

The lysosomal storage disorder Fabry disease is caused by deficient or absent activity of the GLA gene enzyme α-galactosidase A. In the present study we present the molecular and biochemical data of the Danish Fabry cohort and report 20 years' (2001-2020) experience in cascade genetic screening at the Danish National Fabry Disease Center. The Danish Fabry cohort consisted of 26 families, 18 index patients (9 males and 9 females, no available data for 8 index-patients) and 97 family members with a pathogenic GLA variant identified by cascade genetic testing (30 males and 67 females).

A randomized double-blind single center study of testosterone replacement therapy or placebo in testicular cancer survivors with mild Leydig cell insufficiency (Einstein-intervention).

Introduction: Elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) in combination with low-normal testosterone (mild Leydig cell insufficiency) is common in testicular cancer (TC) survivors and is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and metabolic syndrome. The aim was to evaluate if testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) improves metabolic health in this subgroup of TC survivors.

Patients And Methods: This was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

A convolutional neural network for total tumor segmentation in [Cu]Cu-DOTATATE PET/CT of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Background: Segmentation of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) in [Cu]Cu-DOTATATE positron emission tomography makes it possible to extract quantitative measures useable for prognostication of patients. However, manual tumor segmentation is cumbersome and time-consuming. Therefore, we aimed to implement and test an artificial intelligence (AI) network for tumor segmentation.

Intraglandular Off-the-Shelf Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment in Patients with Radiation-Induced Xerostomia: A Safety Study (MESRIX-II).

No effective therapy exists for the most common long-term side effect of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer (HNC)-xerostomia. The objective was to evaluate safety and provide proof of concept for efficacy of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (AT-MSCs) injected into the major salivary glands of irradiated patients. This open-label, first-in-human, phase 1b, and single-center trial was conducted with repeated measurements days 0, 1, 5, and 30 and 4 months.

Estimating Renal Function Following Lung Transplantation.

Background: Patients undergoing lung transplantation (LTx) experience a rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the acute postoperative period. However, no prospective longitudinal studies directly comparing the performance of equations for estimating GFR in this patient population currently exist.

Methods: In total, 32 patients undergoing LTx met the study criteria.

Activity Dose Reduction in Cu-DOTATATE PET in Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Impact on Image Quality and Lesion Detection Ability.

Purpose: Patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) engage in lifelong follow-up with frequent somatostatin receptor PET, e.g. [Cu]Cu-DOTATATE PET, and continued measures to reduce radiation exposures should be in pursued in accordance with the as-low-as-reasonably-achievable (ALARA) principle.

Incidence, Clinical Presentation and Trends in Indication for Diagnostic Work-Up of Small Intestinal and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Background: The incidence of small intestinal (SI) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (siNETs and pNETs) seems to have increased. The increased frequency of incidental findings might be a possible explanation. The study aimed to examine (1) changes in incidence and the stage at diagnosis (2010-2011 vs.

Associations Between Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Secretion, Muscle and Fat Mass in Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: A frequent comorbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF) is CF related diabetes (CFRD) caused by a gradual decline in insulin secretion. The reduction in the anabolic hormone, insulin, might explain the weight loss that precedes onset of CFRD. We investigated the association between muscle and fat mass in relation to glucose tolerance and insulin function.