as Relational Way of Life in Galatians.

Using the Septuagint as an example, this article supports Teresa Morgan's recent contention that πίστις is essentially relational. On the basis of the prevalence of relationality, the article offers a critique of readings of Galatians that privilege other concepts, such as Benjamin Schliesser's emphasis on spatiality. The study then argues that, instead of Morgan's ' is a relationship', it would be more accurate and exegetically useful to bring out the action-reference of πίστις with an expression such as 'πίστις is a relational way of life'.

Families' experiences of raising concerns in health care services: An interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Background: This exploratory study aimed to increase understanding of the experiences of families of people with intellectual disabilities when noticing and raising concerns in services. A qualitative design was employed.

Methods: Seven participants (all female) were recruited through local and national voluntary agencies; five were mothers of people with intellectual disabilities, one was the aunt and one the sister.

A comprehensive review of the foramina of Luschka: history, anatomy, embryology, and surgery.

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to comprehensively review the foramina of Luschka in regard to their discovery, embryology, anatomy, and surgical relevance.

Methods: This subject review of the foramina of Luschka was composed after conducting a thorough review of the available literature on this topic using PubMed and other primary sources.

Results: The foramina of Luschka are paired apertures located in the lateral recesses of the fourth ventricle, within the posterior cranial fossa.

Some of the earliest depictions of the human spine: a glimpse into European history.

Introduction: Drawings of the human form have a history almost as old as mankind itself. However, illustrations of the human spine as seen with the vertebral column were not seen until much later. This paper reviews some of the early European depictions of the human vertebral column from the twelfth (e.

Skull Base and Cervical Spine Involvement in Jansen Syndrome: Case Report.

Introduction: Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Jansen type (JMD), is a rare form of endochondral ossification resulting in short limbs and dwarfism.

Case Report: A child presented with JMD and was found to have involvement of the cervical spine. Conservative treatment was given to the patient who at the long-term follow-up continues to have no neurological findings or cervical spine instability.

Translation of Hecker's 1922 "the occipital-atlanto-axial ligament system": A study in comparative anatomy.

In 1922, Paul Hecker, a French physician and Head of Anatomy at the Medical College of Strasbourg, published a sentinel thesis on the ligaments of the craniocervical junction based on a study of comparative anatomy. Unfortunately, this dissertation has been lost to history and until now, was unavailable in the English language. Herein, we present a translation of Hecker's work with an update in its nomenclature, which with modern imaging capabilities of the craniocervical junction is germane and timely.

Descriptive analysis of unplanned readmission and reoperation rates after intradural spinal tumor resection.

Introduction: Spinal cord tumors (SCT) are relatively uncommon and usually require surgical treatment. Readmission within 30days after discharge is an important indicator of health care quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the rates and causes of unplanned readmissions and reoperations after SCT surgery.

The neuroanatomy of depression: A review.

Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder, the number one cause of disability and affects up to 15% of the population. The aim of this review is to present a brief synopsis of the various biochemical imbalances thought to contribute to depression, aspects of anatomy possibly implicated in depression, and treatments related to targeting these specific locales. Multiple neurotransmitters and parts of the brain are involved with the disorder of depression.

A history of the autonomic nervous system: part II: from Reil to the modern era.

Introduction: The history of the study of the autonomic nervous system is rich. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, scientists were beginning to more firmly grasp the reality of this part of the human nervous system.

Conclusions: The evolution of our understanding of the autonomic nervous system has a rich history.

A history of the autonomic nervous system: part I: from Galen to Bichat.

Introduction: The development of our current understanding of the autonomic nervous system has a rich history with many international contributors.

Conclusions: Although our thoughts of an autonomic nervous system arose with the Greeks, the evolution and final understanding of this neural network would not be fully realized until centuries later. Therefore, our current knowledge of this system is based on hundreds of years of hypotheses and testing and was contributed to by many historic figures.

Development of profound Chiari I malformation and cerebellar tissue loss and resolution following shunting of posterior fossa extra-axial cyst. Case report.

Introduction: Chiari I malformation can be due to a multitude of etiologies such as craniosynostosis or hydrocephalus. A posterior fossa extra-axial cyst (PFEAC) appears to be an extremely rare cause of this form of hindbrain herniation.

Case Report: Herein, we report a case of PFEAC that presented with no Chiari I malformation and then presented months later with a significant Chiari I malformation.

Formaldehyde exposure and its effects during pregnancy: Recommendations for laboratory attendance based on available data.

Formalin is commonly used in fixation of cadaveric specimens. Exposure to formaldehyde, a component of formalin and a known carcinogen, during gross anatomy laboratory dissection is a continuing concern for pregnant students and instructors. Since there is little literature on this specific topic, the current review was compiled in the hope of offering recommendations to pregnant students and instructors who are engaged in human anatomical dissection where formalin is used.

Clinical supervision for clinical psychology students in Uganda: an initial qualitative exploration.

Background: Burn out in clinical psychologists working in low income countries has been reported. Clinical supervisory structures do not yet exist in Uganda. A way to decrease levels of burn out and increase quality of care for people with mental illness is through clinical supervision.

Relationship between pharyngitis and peri-odontoid pannus: A new etiology for some Chiari I malformations?

The pathophysiology underlying Chiari I malformations (CIMs) provides room for debate with several theories attempting to address this issue. We retrospectively reviewed many of our past patients with pediatric CIMs (specifically, those with peri-odontoid pannus), and present a hypothesis for the development of the malformation in some of said patients. Our experience with the pediatric CIM has shown that almost 1 in 20 patients who present with symptoms is found to have a peri-odontoid pannus.

Meningeal relationships to the spinal nerves and rootlets: a gross, histological, and radiological study with application to intradural extramedullary spinal tumors.

Introduction: Juxtapositional tumors of the spinal nerve roots have been noted to not only interact with the roots at various vertebral levels, but also differ among patients. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to elucidate the potential for variation among the relationships of the meningeal layers at different nerve levels.

Methods: In 20 unembalmed adult cadavers and five fetal specimens, the spinal nerve roots from the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions were harvested with their associated meningeal layers and subjected to microdissection, histological analysis, or radiological imaging using 9.

The foramen of Monro: a review of its anatomy, history, pathology, and surgery.

Introduction: The foramen of Monro lies at the junction between the paired lateral ventricles and the third ventricle of the brain.

Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was performed focusing on the foramen of Monro.

Conclusions: A good understanding of the anatomy of the foramen of Monro is essential for the neurosurgeon, especially with the increasing use of intraventricular endoscopy.

Factors associated with social interactions between deaf children and their hearing peers: a systematic literature review.

Research indicates that deaf children can have marked social difficulties compared with their hearing peers. Factors that influence these social interactions need to be reviewed to inform interventions. A systematic search of 5 key databases and 3 specialized journals identified 14 papers that met the inclusion criteria.

Intellectual disability in homeless adults: a prevalence study.

There has been considerable recent interest in the health and associated socio-economic inequalities faced by adults with learning disabilities. A serious and so far under-reported aspect of this is homelessness. This study sought to determine the prevalence of intellectual disability in a homeless population.

Reported goal setting and benefits of person centred planning for people with intellectual disabilities.

Recent research suggests that person centred planning (PCP) can have a positive impact on the lives of people with intellectual disabilities. This article presents data from open-ended comments collected during research on the impact of PCP on the life experiences of 65 people with intellectual disabilities living in England. These comments addressed the goals set prior to and during PCP, and the main benefits of PCP for participants.

Longitudinal analysis of the impact and cost of person-centered planning for people with intellectual disabilities in England.

Person-centered planning is central to United Kingdom policies regarding the support of people with intellectual disabilities. However, little evidence exists on the impact or cost of introducing person-centered planning. We examined the efficacy, effectiveness, and costs of introducing person-centered planning for 93 people with intellectual disabilities over 2 years across four localities in England.