Risk factors for caesarean delivery and fetal macrosomia among women with gestational diabetes in Nyeri County, Kenya: a cross-section study.

Introduction: gestational diabetes mellitus is an emerging global public health threat due to adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for caesarean delivery and macrosomia among women with gestational diabetes in Nyeri County, Kenya.

Methods: this study used a cross-section design.

A Systematic Review of the Treatment Outcomes among Prostate Cancer Patients in Africa.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with a significant public health burden in Africa. This systematic review aimed to assess treatment outcomes among PCa patients in Africa. A systematic search of the literature was conducted from 1 December 2021 to 31 March 2022 to identify relevant published studies.

Rational use of antibiotics and covariates of clinical outcomes in patients admitted to intensive care units of a tertiary hospital in Kenya.

Objectives: Rational use of antibiotics implies appropriate choice of an antibiotic administered at correct dose, frequency, and duration using the most suitable route of administration. Irrational antibiotics use is associated with antimicrobial resistance, drug failure, and high mortality in the critical care units (CCUs). This study sought to establish rational use of antibiotics and determinants of clinical outcomes of patients admitted to the CCUs at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH).

Evaluation of the Antimalarial Activity of the Leaf Latex of (Aloaceae) against Parasites.

Background: The lack of available vaccines and the emerging resistance to antimalarial drugs have provided the necessity to find noble antimalarial plant-based medicines. The leaf latex has been used in folk medicine against malarial and other human ailments in Ethiopia. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the antimalarial activity of the leaf latex of against parasites.

Meloxicam emulgels for topical management of rheumatism: Formulation development, and characterization.

Purpose: The study designed, formulated and evaluated meloxicam emulgels as a potential alternative topical treatment option for rheumatism.

Methods: A 3 factorial design was employed to formulate nine preliminary meloxicam emulgels (Formulations F1 - F9). The influences of carbopol-934 and menthol as gelling agent and drug release enhancer, respectively, were correlated with four pharmaceutical properties of the formulated emulgels namely viscosity, spreadability, and cumulative drug release at one hour and at eight hours.

Antihypertensive therapy and adequacy of blood pressure control among adult hypertensive diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease in a tertiary referral hospital.

: Tight blood pressure control retards the development of end-stage renal disease in hypertensive diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease. There is limited literature on blood pressure control among this patient population in a resource-limited setting. : A tertiary hospital-based cross-sectional study with 237 hypertensive diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease was conducted.

Treatment Outcomes and Associated Factors among Hospitalized Stroke Patients at Shashemene Referral Hospital, Ethiopia.

Background: The 2013 Global Burden of Disease report indicated that 80% of stroke deaths occur in low- and middle-income regions. Although stroke has been consistently reported as one of the three leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the past years in Ethiopia, there is a paucity of data regarding treatment outcomes of stroke if sufficient. Hence, the present study aimed to assess patterns of treatment outcomes and associated factors among hospitalized stroke patients at Shashemene Referral Hospital.

Assessment of drug therapy problems among patients with cervical cancer at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya.

Background: Although cervical cancer is preventable, it is still the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the world. Further, it is estimated that around 5-10% of hospital admissions are due to drug related problems (DRPs), of which 50% are avoidable. In cancer therapy, there is an immense potential for DRPs due to the high toxicity of most chemotherapeutic regimens.

Antischistosomal Activity of Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole Derivatives and Correlation with Inhibition of β-Hematin Formation.

The extensive use of praziquantel against schistosomiasis raises concerns about drug resistance. New therapeutic alternatives targeting critical pathways within the parasite are therefore urgently needed. Hemozoin formation in Schistosoma presents one such target.

Antimalarial Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles: Lead Optimization, Parasite Life Cycle Stage Profile, Mechanistic Evaluation, Killing Kinetics, and in Vivo Oral Efficacy in a Mouse Model.

Further structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on the recently identified pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole (PBI) antimalarials have led to the identification of potent, metabolically stable compounds with improved in vivo oral efficacy in the P. berghei mouse model and additional activity against parasite liver and gametocyte stages, making them potential candidates for preclinical development. Inhibition of hemozoin formation possibly contributes to the mechanism of action.

Computer-Aided Drug Discovery Approaches against the Tropical Infectious Diseases Malaria, Tuberculosis, Trypanosomiasis, and Leishmaniasis.

Despite the tremendous improvement in overall global health heralded by the adoption of the Millennium Declaration in the year 2000, tropical infections remain a major health problem in the developing world. Recent estimates indicate that the major tropical infectious diseases, namely, malaria, tuberculosis, trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniasis, account for more than 2.2 million deaths and a loss of approximately 85 million disability-adjusted life years annually.

Ethnobotanical survey of food and medicinal plants of the Ilkisonko Maasai community in Kenya.

Aim Of The Study: Pastoralist communities such as the Maasai are heavily reliant on traditional foods and medicines. This survey sought to identify traditional foods and/or medicinal plants of the Ilkisonko Maasai community living in Kenya.

Materials And Methods: Ethnobotanical knowledge of traditional plants used as food and human/veterinary medicine was obtained using structured and semi-structured questionnaires administered through face to face interviews of key informants.

Design, Synthesis, and Antiplasmodial Activity of Hybrid Compounds Based on (2R,3S)-N-Benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine.

A series of hybrid compounds based on (2R,3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine, artemisinin, and quinoline moieties was synthesized and tested for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against erythrocytic stages of K1 and W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Two hybrid compounds incorporating (2R,3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine and artemisinin scaffolds were 3- to 4-fold more active than dihydroartemisinin, with nanomolar IC50 values against Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain.