F-Fluciclovine Parameters on Targeted Prostate Biopsy Associated with True Positivity in Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

We evaluated F-fluciclovine uptake parameters that correlate with true positivity for local recurrence in non-prostatectomy-treated patients. Twenty-one patients (prostate-specific antigen level, 7.4 ± 6.

Feasibility and Initial Results: Fluciclovine Positron Emission Tomography/Ultrasound Fusion Targeted Biopsy of Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: We assessed the feasibility and cancer detection rate of fluciclovine (F) positron emission tomography-ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy vs standard template biopsy in the same patient with biochemical failure after nonsurgical therapy for prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: A total of 21 patients with a mean ± SD prostate specific antigen of 7.4 ± 6.

A semiautomatic algorithm for three-dimensional segmentation of the prostate on CT images using shape and local texture characteristics.

Prostate segmentation in computed tomography (CT) images is useful for planning and guidance of the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. However, the low soft-tissue contrast of CT images makes the manual prostate segmentation a time-consuming task with high inter-observer variation. We developed a semi-automatic, three-dimensional (3D) prostate segmentation algorithm using shape and texture analysis and have evaluated the method against manual reference segmentations.

Comparison of Outcomes in Patients With Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Treated With Radical Cystectomy Versus Bladder Preservation.

Purpose: Radical cystectomy currently remains the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, surgery can be associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, including the removal of the bladder. An alternative strategy is to preserve the bladder through concurrent chemoradiation following a maximal transurethral resection of the tumor.

Prospective evaluation of fluciclovine (F) PET-CT and MRI in detection of recurrent prostate cancer in non-prostatectomy patients.

Purpose: To investigate the disease detection rate, diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement of fluciclovine (F) PET-CT and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMR) in recurrent prostate cancer.

Methods: Twenty-four patients with biochemical failure after non-prostatectomy definitive therapy, 16/24 of whom had undergone brachytherapy, underwent fluciclovine PET-CT and mpMR with interpretation by expert readers blinded to patient history, PSA and other imaging results. Reference standard was established via a multidisciplinary truth panel utilizing histology and clinical follow-up (22.

A novel preoperative inflammatory marker prognostic score in patients with localized and metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: Several inflammatory markers have been studied as potential biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), however few reports have analyzed their prognostic value in aggregate and in non-clear cell histologies. We hypothesize that a combination of specific inflammatory markers into an RCC Inflammatory Score (RISK) could serve as a rigorous prognostic indicator of overall survival (OS) in patients with clear cell and non-clear cell RCC.

Methods: Combination of preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), corrected calcium, and aspartate transaminase to alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) ratio was used to develop RISK.

Absorbable Hydrogel Spacer Use in Prostate Radiotherapy: A Comprehensive Review of Phase 3 Clinical Trial Published Data.

Objective: To provide an update on SpaceOAR System, a Food and Drug Administration-approved hydrogel indicated to create distance between the prostate and the rectum which has been studied in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials. Here, we review and summarize these clinical results including the safety of prostate-rectum spacer application technique, the implant quality and resulting rectal dose reduction, acute and long-term rectal, urinary, and sexual toxicity, as well as patient-reported outcomes.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, randomized patient-blinded clinical study was performed comparing image-guided intensity modulated prostate radiotherapy (79.

Molecular imaging and fusion targeted biopsy of the prostate.

Purpose: This paper provides a review on molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prostate cancer detection and its applications in fusion targeted biopsy of the prostate.

Methods: Literature search was performed through the PubMed database using the keywords "prostate cancer", "MRI/ultrasound fusion", "molecular imaging", and "targeted biopsy". Estimates in autopsy studies indicate that 50% of men older than 50 years of age have prostate cancer.

Automatic segmentation of the prostate on CT images using deep learning and multi-atlas fusion.

Automatic segmentation of the prostate on CT images has many applications in prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy. However, prostate CT image segmentation is challenging because of the low contrast of soft tissue on CT images. In this paper, we propose an automatic segmentation method by combining a deep learning method and multi-atlas refinement.

Change in Salvage Radiotherapy Management Based on Guidance With FACBC (Fluciclovine) PET/CT in Postprostatectomy Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: We explored the influence of FACBC (fluciclovine) PET/CT on the decision to offer radiotherapy and radiotherapy treatment field recommendations in postprostatectomy patients with recurrent prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: After obtaining institutional review board approval and informed consent, 87 patients with detectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were recruited into a prospective clinical trial. After an initial provider-determined radiotherapy plan based on conventional imaging, 44 of 87 patients were randomized to additionally undergo fluciclovine PET/CT.

Multisite Experience of the Safety, Detection Rate and Diagnostic Performance of Fluciclovine (F) Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography Imaging in the Staging of Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Sensitive detection of cancer foci in men experiencing biochemical recurrence following initial treatment of prostate cancer is of great clinical significance with a possible impact on subsequent treatment choice. We describe a multisite experience of the efficacy and safety of the positron emission tomography/computerized tomography agent fluciclovine (F) after biochemical recurrence.

Materials And Methods: A total of 596 patients underwent fluciclovine (F) positron emission tomography/computerized tomography at 4 clinical sites.

Random Walk Based Segmentation for the Prostate on 3D Transrectal Ultrasound Images.

This paper proposes a new semi-automatic segmentation method for the prostate on 3D transrectal ultrasound images (TRUS) by combining the region and classification information. We use a random walk algorithm to express the region information efficiently and flexibly because it can avoid segmentation leakage and shrinking bias. We further use the decision tree as the classifier to distinguish the prostate from the non-prostate tissue because of its fast speed and superior performance, especially for a binary classification problem.

Impact of F-Fluciclovine PET on Target Volume Definition for Postprostatectomy Salvage Radiotherapy: Initial Findings from a Randomized Trial.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the synthetic amino acid PET radiotracer F-fluciclovine in modifying the defined clinical and treatment-planning target volumes in postprostatectomy patients undergoing salvage radiotherapy and to evaluate the resulting dosimetric consequences to surrounding organs at risk. Ninety-six patients were enrolled in a randomized, prospective intention-to-treat clinical trial for potential salvage radiotherapy for recurrent prostate cancer after prostatectomy. The initial treatment plan was based on the results from conventional abdominopelvic CT and MRI.

Onodera's Prognostic Nutritional Index as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the Onodera Prognostic Nutritional Index (OPNI) and overall survival, as well as recurrence-free survival, in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients following nephrectomy.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred forty-one patients who underwent nephrectomy for ccRCC were analyzed. The optimum OPNI cutoff score of 44.

Recurrent prostate cancer detection with anti-3-[(18)F]FACBC PET/CT: comparison with CT.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of the synthetic amino acid analogue PET radiotracer anti-3-[(18)F]FACBC (fluciclovine) with that of CT in the detection of recurrent prostate carcinoma.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 53 bone scan-negative patients with suspected recurrent prostate carcinoma who underwent fluciclovine PET/CT and routine clinical CT within 90 days of each other. The correlation between imaging findings and histology and clinical follow-up was evaluated.

Elevated preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio may be associated with decreased overall survival in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy.

Objective: Inflammatory serum markers have proven to be a powerful predictive tool of patient prognosis in cancer treatment for a wide variety of solid organ malignancies, predominantly in the context of localized disease. In this study we evaluated the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictive tool in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods: Sixty-four patients with metastatic clear cell RCC undergoing nephrectomy were selected.

Sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: a contemporary clinicopathologic analysis of 37 cases.

Introduction: Sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma is a dedifferentiated biphasic tumor that exhibits morphological and/or immunohistochemical evidence of epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. In this series, we analyzed the clinicopathologic features of this rare variant of urothelial carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: A search was made through our surgical pathology files and consultation files of the senior author for cases of sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma of the bladder from 2005-2014.

Reproducibility and reliability of anti-3-[¹⁸F]FACBC uptake measurements in background structures and malignant lesions on follow-up PET-CT in prostate carcinoma: an exploratory analysis.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the reproducibility of anti-1-amino-3-[(18)F]fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (anti-3-[(18)F]FACBC) quantitative measurements in key background structures and untreated malignant lesions.

Procedures: Retrospective review of 14 patients who underwent follow-up anti-3-[(18)F]FACBC positron emission tomography-X-ray computed tomography (PET-CT) for prostate carcinoma recurrence. Standard uptake values (SUV) were measured in both original and follow-up scans in key background structures and untreated malignant lesions.

External validation of the modified Glasgow prognostic score for renal cancer.

Purpose: The modified Glasgow prognostic Score (mGPS) incorporates C-reactive protein and albumin as a clinically useful marker of tumor behavior. The ability of the mGPS to predict metastasis in localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unknown in an external validation cohort.

Patients And Methods: Patients with clinically localized clear cell RCC were followed for 1 year post-operatively.

Accuracy Evaluation of a 3D Ultrasound-guided Biopsy System.

Early detection of prostate cancer is critical in maximizing the probability of successful treatment. Current systematic biopsy approach takes 12 or more randomly distributed core tissue samples within the prostate and can have a high potential, especially with early disease, for a false negative diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of a 3D ultrasound-guided biopsy system.

Anti-3-[(18)F]FACBC positron emission tomography-computerized tomography and (111)In-capromab pendetide single photon emission computerized tomography-computerized tomography for recurrent prostate carcinoma: results of a prospective clinical trial.

Purpose: We prospectively evaluated the amino acid analogue positron emission tomography radiotracer anti-3-[(18)F]FACBC compared to ProstaScint® ((111)In-capromab pendetide) single photon emission computerized tomography-computerized tomography to detect recurrent prostate carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: A total of 93 patients met study inclusion criteria who underwent anti-3-[(18)F]FACBC positron emission tomography-computerized tomography plus (111)In-capromab pendetide single photon emission computerized tomography-computerized tomography for suspected recurrent prostate carcinoma within 90 days. Reference standards were applied by a multidisciplinary board.

Characterization of primary prostate carcinoma by anti-1-amino-2-[(18)F] -fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (anti-3-[(18)F] FACBC) uptake.

Anti-1-amino-3-[(18)F] fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (anti-3-[(18)F] FACBC) is a synthetic amino acid positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer with utility in the detection of recurrent prostate carcinoma. The aim of this study is to correlate uptake of anti-3-[(18)F] FACBC with histology of prostatectomy specimens in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and to determine if uptake correlates to markers of tumor aggressiveness such as Gleason score. Ten patients with prostate carcinoma pre-radical prostatectomy underwent 45 minute dynamic PET-CT of the pelvis after IV injection of 347.

PET-directed, 3D Ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.

Multimodatity imaging is a promising approach for improving prostate cancer detection and diagnosis. This article describes various concepts in PET-directed, ultrasound-guided biopsies and highlights a new PET/ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy system for prostate cancer detection.

Histologic findings on prostate needle core biopsies following cryotherapy as monotherapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma.

The histologic features seen in the prostate following cryotherapy can be highly variable. However, most previous studies were performed on specimens following salvage cryotherapy, which introduces additional confounding variables of the histologic changes after the other primary treatment modalities. We examined prostate needle core biopsies from a cohort of patients following cryotherapy as monotherapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma, to evaluate the true spectrum of morphologic changes in the prostate.