Deep ocean long range underwater navigation with ocean circulation model corrections.

An underwater navigation algorithm that provides a "cold start" (CSA) geographic position, geo-position, underwater while submerged using travel times measured from a constellation of acoustic sources is described in Mikhalevsky, Sperry, Woolfe, Dzieciuch, and Worcester [J. Acoust. Soc.

Deep ocean long range underwater navigation.

A long range Underwater Navigation Algorithm (UNA) is described that provides a geolocation underwater while submerged without having to surface for a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) position. The UNA only uses measured acoustic travel times from a constellation of underwater acoustic sources analogous to the constellation of satellites in GNSS. The UNA positions are calculated without any a priori track, position or sound speed information, and thus provide a "Cold Start" capability.

Transarctic acoustic telemetry.

On April 9 and 13, 1999, two Arctic Climate Observation Using Underwater Sound tomography signals were transmitted from a 20.5-Hz acoustic source moored at the Franz Victoria Strait to an eight-element, 525-m vertical array at ice camp APLIS in the Chukchi Sea at a distance of ∼2720 km. The transmitted signal was a 20-min long, 255-digit m-sequence that can be treated as a binary-phase shift-keying communication signal with a data rate of 2 bits/s.