Genotyping-by-sequencing uncovers a Thinopyrum 4StS·1JS Robertsonian translocation linked to multiple stress tolerances in bread wheat.

GBS read coverage analysis identified a Robertsonian chromosome from two Thinopyrum subgenomes in wheat, conferring leaf and stripe rust resistance, drought tolerance, and maintaining yield stability. Agropyron glael (GLAEL), a Thinopyrum intermedium × Th. ponticum hybrid, serves as a valuable genetic resource for wheat improvement.

A chromosome arm from × hybrid confers increased tillering and yield potential in wheat.

Unlabelled: Tiller number is a key component of wheat plant architecture having a direct impact on grain yield. Because of their viability, biotic resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance, wild relative species are a valuable gene source for increasing wheat genetic diversity, including yield potential. , a perennial hybrid of and , was created in the 1930s.

Chromosome genomics facilitates the marker development and selection of wheat-Aegilops biuncialis addition, substitution and translocation lines.

The annual goatgrass, Aegilops biuncialis is a rich source of genes with considerable agronomic value. This genetic potential can be exploited for wheat improvement through interspecific hybridization to increase stress resistance, grain quality and adaptability. However, the low throughput of cytogenetic selection hampers the development of alien introgressions.

The Influence of Farming Systems, Genotype and Their Interaction on Bioactive Compound, Protein and Starch Content of Bread and Spelt Wheat.

An increase in the production and consumption of spelt products can be associated with positive effects on human health, which are attributed to bioactive compounds present in the grain. The basic success of spelt wheat in organic farming might be explained by the fact that spelt wheat belongs to the group of hulled wheat where the presence of a husk protects the seed from abiotic and biotic stress factors, thus demanding less chemical protection. The goal of this study was to investigate the variations in the bioactive compound (alkylresorcinol, arabinoxylan, β-glucan), protein, starch and fructan content of bread and spelt wheat under different farming systems (conventional and organic).

Root Electrical Capacitance Can Be a Promising Plant Phenotyping Parameter in Wheat.

As root electrical capacitance (CR*) was assumed to depend on the stem properties, the efficiency of measuring CR* at flowering for whole-plant phenotyping was assessed in five wheat cultivars in three replicate plots over two years. Linear regression analysis was used to correlate CR* with plant-size parameters and flag-leaf traits (extension and SPAD chlorophyll content) at flowering, and with yield components at maturity. The plot-mean CR* was correlated with the plot leaf area index (LAI), the chlorophyll quantity (LAI×SPAD), and the grain yield across years.

Characterization of the Protein and Carbohydrate Related Quality Traits of a Large Set of Spelt Wheat Genotypes.

Spelt wheat ( subsp. L.) is an underexploited hexaploid wheat species that has become an increasingly fashionable raw material of bakery products in the last decades, partly because of its ability to grow under organic agricultural conditions and partly because of the growing number of people following the trend of having a healthy diet.

Electrical Capacitance versus Minirhizotron Technique: A Study of Root Dynamics in Wheat-Pea Intercrops.

This study evaluated the concurrent application and the results of the root electrical capacitance (C) and minirhizotron (MR) methods in the same plant populations. The container experiment involved three winter wheat cultivars, grown as sole crops or intercropped with winter pea under well-watered or drought-stressed conditions. The wheat root activity (characterized by C) and the MR-based root length (RL) and root surface area (RSA) were monitored during the vegetation period, the flag leaf chlorophyll content was measured at flowering, and the wheat shoot dry mass (SDM) and grain yield (GY) were determined at maturity.

Unlocking the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of a Wild Gene Source of Wheat, , and Its Relationship With the Heading Time.

Understanding the genetic diversity of , a valuable source of agronomical useful genes, may significantly facilitate the introgression breeding of wheat. The genetic diversity and population structure of 86 genotypes were investigated by 32700 DArT markers with the simultaneous application of three statistical methods- neighbor-joining clustering, Principal Coordinate Analysis, and the Bayesian approach to classification. The collection of accessions was divided into five groups that correlated well with their eco-geographic habitat: A (North Africa), B (mainly from Balkans), C (Kosovo and Near East), D (Turkey, Crimea, and Peloponnese), and E (Azerbaijan and the Levant region).

Effects of Organic and Conventional Crop Nutrition on Profiles of Polar Metabolites in Grain of Wheat.

The profiles of polar metabolites were determined in wholemeal flours of grain from the Broadbalk wheat experiment and from plants grown under organic and low-input systems to study the effects of nutrition on composition. The Broadbalk samples showed increased amino acids, acetate, and choline and decreased fructose and succinate with increasing nitrogen fertilization. Samples receiving farm yard manure had similar grain nitrogen to those receiving 96 kg of N/ha but had higher contents of amino acids, sugars, and organic acids.

Application of Electrical Capacitance Method for Prediction of Plant Root Mass and Activity in Field-Grown Crops.

The root electrical capacitance (C ) method is suitable for assessing root growth and activity, but soil water content (SWC) strongly influences the measurement results. This study aimed to adapt the method for field monitoring by evaluating the effect of SWC on root capacitance to ensure the comparability of C detected at different SWC. First a pot experiment was conducted with maize and soybean to establish C -SWC functions for the field soil.

Cytomolecular discrimination of the A chromosomes of Triticum monococcum and the A chromosomes of Triticum aestivum using microsatellite DNA repeats.

The cytomolecular discrimination of the A- and A-genome chromosomes facilitates the selection of wheat-Triticum monococcum introgression lines. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with the commonly used DNA probes Afa family, 18S rDNA and pSc119.2 showed that the more complex hybridisation pattern obtained in T.

Dataset on the mean, standard deviation, broad-sense heritability and stability of wheat quality bred in three different ways and grown under organic and low-input conventional systems.

An assessment was previously made of the effects of organic and low-input field management systems on the physical, grain compositional and processing quality of wheat and on the performance of varieties developed using different breeding methods ("Comparison of quality parameters of wheat varieties with different breeding origin under organic and low-input conventional conditions" [1]). Here, accompanying data are provided on the performance and stability analysis of the genotypes using the coefficient of variation and the 'ranking' and 'which-won-where' plots of GGE biplot analysis for the most important quality traits. Broad-sense heritability was also evaluated and is given for the most important physical and quality properties of the seed in organic and low-input management systems, while mean values and standard deviation of the studied properties are presented separately for organic and low-input fields.

Molecular cytogenetic identification and phenotypic description of a new synthetic amphiploid, (AAGGAA).

A recently developed synthetic amphiploid, Kost., nom. nud.

[Comparative dissolution test of modified release pharmaceutical products for potassium replacement].

Introduction: Oral potassium replacement is still inevitable. To reduce the irritation of the gastric and intestinal mucosa, pellet and matrix based formulations ensuring extended release of potassium chloride are used. The dissolution tests may help to understand the in vivo steps of the release of potassium chloride and the absorption of potassium.

[Vitamin D forming effectiveness of ultraviolet radiation from sunlight in different months in Budapest, Hungary].

Introduction: The vitamin D3 formation in skin is the most important natural source of vitamin D demands of humans. The key step of the phototransformation of provitamin D into previtamin D from which the vitamin D3 is formed by thermal conversion. According to studies run at the latitudes of Hungary the UV-B radiation in winter time is not satisfactory to ensure the need of the vitamin D, which can result in vitamin D 3 deficiency and increases risk of osteoporosis.

[The use and safety of butamirate containing drops, syrup and depot tablets in Hungary].

Introduction: Butamirate citrate containing medicines are marketed in Hungary since 1991. Every year several hundred thousands of children and adults are treated with these pharmaceutical products. Aim of the study was to compare the prescription habits with the directions provided in the Summary of Product Characteristics and to get an overview on the safety and efficacy of these products.

[Prescription and safety of dimethindene maleate micropellet capsules in Hungary].

Introduction: Dimethindene maleate, the active substance of the extended-release Fenistil 24 capsule, is a first-generation histamine receptor antagonist, which is marketed in 10 European countries. In Hungary approximately 200,000 boxes are sold yearly from this product, which is mainly used for treatment of symptoms associated with allergic diseases (urticaria, itch, hay fever) The aim of the present study was to gather information with the help of medical doctors about the indications, efficacy and primarily the safety of use, observed side effects and frequency of adverse events associated with this product.

Method: During the study 4574 questionnaires were evaluated out of the 5578 filled by 249 doctors.