Music and low-frequency vibrations for the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain in elderly: A pilot study.

Background: Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation has analgesic potential and might be elicited by abdominally administered low-frequency vibrations. The objective was to study the safety and effect of a combination of music and abdominally administered low-frequency vibrations on pain intensity in elderly patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Methods: This trial was an international multicenter, randomized controlled pilot study.